cho 22,2gam hỗn hợp gồm Al,Fe hòa tan trong dung dịch HCl thu được 13,44 lít H2(đktc).Tính thành phần % khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp và khối lượng muối clorua khan thu được
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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ a.......2a........a...........a\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ b.........3b.........b........1,5b\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=22,2\\a+1,5b=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3.127}{0,3.127+0,2.133,5}.100\approx58,796\%\\ \%m_{AlCl_3}\approx41,204\%\)
2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (1)
ZnO + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2O (2)
a) nH2= 13,44/22.4=0.6(mol) -> mH2=0,6.2=1,2(g)
Theo PTHH: nAl = 2/3 nH2 = 2/3 . 0,6= 0,4(mol) -> mAl = 0,4 . 27=10,8(g)
-> mZnO = 27-10,8= 16,2(g)
b) nZnO = 16,2/81=0,2(mol)
Theo PTHH (2): nHCl = 2nZnO=2.0,2=0,4(mol)
Theo PTHH (1) : nHCl=2nH2=2.0,6=1,2(mol)
-> \(\Sigma\)nHCl = 0,4+1,2=1,6(mol)
-> mHCl = 1,6.36,5= 58,4(g)
-> mddHCl = 58,4.100/29,2= 200(g)
c) Theo PTHH (1): nAlCl3 = 2/3 nH2 = 2/3 . 0,6=0,4(mol) -> mAlCl3=0,4.133,5=53,4(g)
mdd sau phản ứng= mA + mddHCl - mH2 =27+200-1,2 =225,8(g)
-> C% AlCl3 = 53,4.100%/225,8 = 20,88%
Theo PTHH (2) nZnCl2 =nZnO= 0,2(mol)-> mZnCl2=0,2.136=27,2(g)
-> C% ZnCl2= 27,2.100%/255,8=10,63%
a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow27a+56b=11\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,4\cdot2=0,8\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11}\cdot100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}=50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=m_{AlCl_3}+m_{FeCl_2}=0,2\cdot133,5+0,1\cdot127=39,4\left(g\right)\)
c) Bảo toàn electron: \(3\cdot0,2+3\cdot0,1=2n_{SO_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{SO_2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,45\cdot22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
a) Gọi nAl = x, nFe = y
Có 27x + 56y = 11 (1)
Bảo toàn e
3x + 2y = 2.0,4 (2)
Từ 1 và 2 => x = 0,2, y = 0,1
\(\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}.100\%=49,09\%\)
\(\%mFe=100-49,09=50,91\%\)
b) BTKL:
m muối = mkim loại + mHCl - mH2
= 11 + 0,4.2.36,5 - 0,4.2 = 39,4g
c)
Bảo toàn e
Al => Al+3 + 3e S+6 + 2e => S+4
0,2 0,6 2x x
Fe => Fe+3 + 3e
0,1 0,3
=> 2x = 0,6 + 0,3 => x = 0,45 mol
=> VSO2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 lít
a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075
=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)
=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,05->0,0375
2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,2-->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)
Đáp án C.
→ n C l - = 2 n H 2 = 0 , 16 → m m u o i = 4 , 34 + 0 , 16 . 35 , 5 = 10 , 02
PTHH:
(1) 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3 H2
x_____3x_________x_______1,5x (mol)
(2) Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
y___________2y___y___y (mol)
Ta có: nH2= 13,44/22,4= 0,6(mol)
nH2(1) + nH2(2)= nH2(tổng)
<=> 1,5x+y=0,6 (a)
Ta có: mAl+mFe= 22,2
<=> 27x+56y=22,2 (b)
Từ (a), (b) ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5x+y=0,6\\27x+56y=22,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: mAl= 0,2.27=5,4(g)
=> %mAl= \(\frac{5,4}{22,2}.100\approx24,324\%\)
=> \(\%mFe\approx100\%-24,324\%\approx75,676\%\)
* nAlCl3= x= 0,2(mol)
nFeCl2= y=0,3(mol)
=> mAlCl3= 133,5.0,2=26,7(g)
mFeCl2= 127.0,3= 38,1(g)
=> %mAlCl3= \(\frac{26,7}{26,7+38,1}.100\approx41,204\%\\ \Rightarrow\%mFeCl2\approx100\%-41,204\%\approx58,796\%\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=22,2\\1,5x+y=\frac{13,44}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\frac{0,2.27}{22,2}.100\%=24,32\%,\%m_{Fe}=100\%-24,32\%=75,68\%\)
\(m_{AlCl3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,3.127=38,1\left(g\right)\)