cho a,b,c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn a+b+c=2020
tìm min của Q=\(\frac{a}{b+2020-a}+\frac{b}{c+2020-b}+\frac{c}{a+2020-c}\)
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\(a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}}=2\\ \)(do Bđt cosi)=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge6\\ \)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
=>B=3
\(a+b+c=2020\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b+c}=\frac{1}{2020}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc+ac+ab}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left(a+b+c\right)-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left(b+c\right)+a\left(ab+ac\right)+abc-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left(b+c\right)+a^2\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac+a^2\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
Nếu a + b = 0 thì c = 2020
Nếu b + c = 0 thì a = 2020
Nếu a + c = 0 thì b = 2020
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2020}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc+ac+ab}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+a^2c+abc+ab^2+abc+b^2c+abc+ac^2+bc^2=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow...\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
\(TH1:a=-b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2020}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2020}\Leftrightarrow c=2020\)
Các trường hợp kia tương tự
\(M=\sqrt{\frac{\left(a^2+2020\right)\left(b^2+2020\right)}{c^2+2020}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(a^2+ab+bc+ac\right)\left(b^2+ab+bc+ac\right)}{c^2+ab+bc+ac}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)
\(=a+b\) là 1 số hữu tỉ
=> M là 1 số hữu tỉ (đpcm)
\(Q=\frac{a}{b+2020-a}+\frac{b}{c+2020-b}+\frac{c}{a+2020-c}\)
\(Q=\frac{a}{b+a+b+c-a}+\frac{b}{c+a+b+c-b}+\frac{c}{a+a+b+c-c}\)
\(Q=\frac{a}{2b+c}+\frac{b}{2c+a}+\frac{c}{2a+b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(Q=\frac{a^2}{a\cdot\left(2b+c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{b\cdot\left(2c+a\right)}+\frac{c^2}{c\cdot\left(2a+b\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\cdot\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3\cdot\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{3\cdot\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{2020}{3}\)
2020a hay là 2020-a vậy???