Cho a, b, c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn\(ab+2bc+2ca=7\) . Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức:
\(Q=\frac{11a+11b+12c}{\sqrt{8a^2+56}+\sqrt{8b^2+56}+\sqrt{4c^2+7}}\)
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Ta có \(\sqrt{8a^2+56}\)= \(\sqrt{8\left(a^2+7\right)}\)= \(\sqrt{8\left(a^2+ab+2bc+2ca\right)}\)=2. \(\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+2c\right)}\)
\(\le\) 2(a+b)+(a+2c) = 3a+2b+2c
tương tự \(\sqrt{8b^2+56}\)\(\le\) 2a+3b+2c
\(\sqrt{4c^2+7}\) =\(\sqrt{4c^2+ab+2ac+2bc}\)= \(\sqrt{\left(a+2c\right)\left(b+2c\right)}\)\(\le\)(a+b+4c)/2
mẫu số \(\le\)3a+2b+2c+2a+3b+2c+a/2+b/2+2c=(11a+11b+12c)/2
\(\Rightarrow\) Q\(\ge\) 2
dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}ab+2bc+2ca=7\\2\left(a+b\right)=a+2c=b+2c\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=1\\c=1,5\end{cases}}\)
Vây...
Ta có \(\sqrt{8a^2+56}=\sqrt{8\left(a^2+7\right)}=2\sqrt{2\left(a^2+ab+2bc+2ca\right)}\)
\(=2\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+2c\right)}\le2\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+2c\right)=3a+2b+2c\)
Tương tự \(\sqrt{8b^2+56}\le2a+3b+2c;\)\(\sqrt{4c^2+7}=\sqrt{\left(a+2c\right)\left(b+2c\right)}\le\frac{a+b+4c}{2}\)
Do vậy \(Q\ge\frac{11a+11b+12c}{3a+2b+2c+2a+3b+2c+\frac{a+b+4c}{2}}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\left(a,b,c\right)=\left(1;1;\frac{3}{2}\right)\)
a) \(P=1957\)
b) \(S=19.\)
Áp dụng giả thiết và bất đẳng thức AM - GM, ta được: \(\sqrt{8a^2+48}=\sqrt{8\left(a^2+6\right)}=\sqrt{8\left(a^2+ab+2bc+2ca\right)}=2\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+2c\right)}\le\left(2a+2b\right)+\left(a+2c\right)=3a+2b+2c\)\(\sqrt{8b^2+48}=\sqrt{8\left(b^2+6\right)}=\sqrt{8\left(b^2+ab+2bc+2ca\right)}=2\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}\le\left(2a+2b\right)+\left(b+2c\right)=2a+3b+2c\)\(\sqrt{4c^2+6}=\sqrt{4c^2+ab+2bc+2ca}=\sqrt{\left(2c+a\right)\left(2c+b\right)}\le\frac{\left(2c+a\right)+\left(2c+b\right)}{2}=\frac{4c+a+b}{2}\)Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\sqrt{8a^2+48}+\sqrt{8b^2+48}+\sqrt{4c^2+6}\le\frac{11}{2}a+\frac{11}{2}b+6c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{11a+11b+12c}{\sqrt{8a^2+48}+\sqrt{8b^2+48}+\sqrt{4c^2+6}}\ge\frac{11a+11b+12c}{\frac{11}{2}a+\frac{11}{2}b+6c}=2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}ab+2bc+2ca=6\\a+2b=2c;b+2a=2c;a=b\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=\sqrt{\frac{6}{7}}\\c=\frac{3\sqrt{42}}{14}\end{cases}}\)
\(\sqrt{8a^2+56}=\sqrt{8\left(a^2+7\right)}=\sqrt{8\left(a^2+ab+2bc+2ac\right)}\)\(=\sqrt{8\left(a+b\right)\left(a+2c\right)}=\sqrt{4\left(a+b\right).2\left(a+2c\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho các số không âm:
\(\sqrt{8a^2+56}=\sqrt{4\left(a+b\right).2\left(a+2c\right)}\le\frac{4\left(a+b\right)+2\left(a+2c\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\sqrt{8a^2+56}\)\(\le3a+2b+2c\)
Tương tự:
\(\sqrt{8b^2+56}\le2a+3b+2c\),\(\sqrt{4c^2+7}=\sqrt{\left(a+2c\right)\left(b+2c\right)}\le\frac{a+b+4c}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{8a^2+56}+\sqrt{8b^2+56}+\sqrt{4c^2+7}\le\frac{11a+11b+12c}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{11a+11b+12c}{\frac{11a+11b+12c}{2}}=2\)
\(''=''\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{2c}{3}=1\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{8a^2+56}=\sqrt{8\left(a^2+7\right)}=\sqrt{8\left(a^2+ab+2ab+2ac\right)}=2\cdot\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+2c\right)}\)
\(\le2\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+2c\right)=3a+2b+2c\)
Tương tự\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{8b^2+56}\le2a+3b+2c\\\sqrt{4c^2+7}=\sqrt{4c^2+ab+2ac+2bc}=\sqrt{\left(a+2c\right)\left(b+2c\right)}\le\frac{a+b+4c}{2}\end{cases}}\)
=> Q>2
Dấu "=" <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=1\\c=1,5\end{cases}}\)