Cho số dương a, b, c thỏa mãn a+b=10.Tìm GTNN của :
a) A=\(\frac{5}{4ab}+\frac{1}{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\) b) B= \(a^4+b^4+\frac{3}{ab}\)
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1a
\(A=\frac{3}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\ge\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}}{2}\)
\(\ge10+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{4}=10+\frac{1}{16}=\frac{161}{16}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vay \(A_{min}=\frac{161}{16}\)
1b.\(B=\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^8+b^8}{4}\ge\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\frac{\left(a^4+b^4\right)^2}{2}}{4}\)
\(\ge6+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{8}\ge6+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{32}=6+\frac{1}{128}=\frac{769}{128}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vay \(B_{min}=\frac{769}{128}\)khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
1. Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}=m\\\frac{1}{b}=n\\\frac{1}{c}=p\end{cases}}\) khi đó \(\hept{\begin{cases}m+n+p=3\\M=2\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+mnp\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng Cauchy ta được:
\(\left(m+n-p\right)\left(m-n+p\right)\le\left(\frac{m+n-p+m-n+p}{2}\right)^2=m^2\)
\(\left(n+p-m\right)\left(n+m-p\right)\le n^2\)
\(\left(p-n+m\right)\left(p-m+n\right)\le p^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(m+n-p\right)\left(n+p-m\right)\left(p+m-n\right)\le mnp\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^3+n^3+p^3+3mnp\ge m^2n+mn^2+n^2p+np^2+p^2m+pm^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m+n+p\right)\left(m^2+n^2+p^2-mn-np-pm\right)+6mnp\ge mn\left(m-n\right)+np\left(n-p\right)+pm\left(p-m\right)\)
\(=mn\left(3-p\right)+np\left(3-m\right)+pm\left(3-n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)-3\left(mn+np+pm\right)+6mnp\ge3\left(mn+np+pm\right)-3mnp\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+9mnp\ge6\left(mn+np+pm\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)-\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge2\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)-\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\)
\(=\frac{5}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)\)
\(=\frac{4}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2+2mn+2np+2pm\right)\)
\(=\frac{4}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(m+n+p\right)^2\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{3}\cdot3+\frac{1}{3}\cdot3^2=4+3=7\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(m=n=p=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
a2(b+c)2+5bc+b2(a+c)2+5ac≥4a29(b+c)2+4b29(a+c)2=49(a2(1−a)2+b2(1−b)2)(vì a+b+c=1)
a2(1−a)2−9a−24=(2−x)(3x−1)24(1−a)2≥0(vì )<a<1)
⇒a2(1−a)2≥9a−24
tương tự: b2(1−b)2≥9b−24
⇒P⩾49(9a−24+9b−24)−3(a+b)24=(a+b)−94−3(a+b)24.
đặt t=a+b(0<t<1)⇒P≥F(t)=−3t24+t−94(∗)
Xét hàm (∗) được: MinF(t)=F(23)=−19
⇒MinP=MinF(t)=−19.dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=13
Bài toán số 41 có 2 cách làm, tôi làm cách thứ 2
Đặt \(Q=\sqrt{\frac{x}{y+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{x+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{x+y}}\)\(\Rightarrow Q^2=\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}+2\left(\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\right)\)ta thấy rằng \(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}+\frac{xyz}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có \(\sqrt{\frac{yx}{\left(z+x\right)\left(x+y\right)}}\ge\frac{2yx}{2\sqrt{\left(xy+yz\right)\left(yz+yx\right)}}\ge\frac{2xy}{2xy+yz+xz}\ge\frac{2xy}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{xy}{xy+yz+zx}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\ge\frac{yz}{xy+yz+zx}\\\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\ge\frac{xz}{xy+yz+zx}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(z+x\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\ge1\)nên \(Q\ge\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\ge\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{2}+4}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}}\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}\Rightarrow t\ge\sqrt{xy+yz+zx}=2\)
Xét hàm số g(t)=\(\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{2}+4}+\frac{4}{t}\left(t\ge2\right)\)khi đó ta có
\(g'\left(t\right)=\frac{t}{2\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{2}+4}}-\frac{4}{t^2};g'\left(t\right)=0\Leftrightarrow t^6-32t^2-256=0\Leftrightarrow t=2\sqrt{2}\)
Lập bảng biến thiên ta có min[2;\(+\infty\)) \(g\left(t\right)=g\left(2\sqrt{2}\right)=3\sqrt{2}\)
Hay minS=\(3\sqrt{2}\)<=> a=c=1; b=2
Đặt a=xc; b=cy (x;y >=1)
\(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}=\sqrt{xy}\Leftrightarrow x+y-2+2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}=xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy-x-y+1-2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}=1\Leftrightarrow xy=x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow xy\ge4\)
Biểu thức P được viết lại như sau
\(P=\frac{x}{y+1}+\frac{y}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{x^2}{xy+x}+\frac{y^2}{xy+y}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy+x+y}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy}=\frac{xy}{3}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2y^2-2xy}=\frac{x^3y^3-2x^2y^2+3xy-3}{3\left(x^2y^2-2xy\right)}\)
Đặt t=xy với t>=4
Xét hàm số \(f\left(t\right)=\frac{t^3-2t^2+3t-3}{t^2-2t}\left(t\ge4\right)\)
Ta có \(f'\left(t\right)=\frac{t^4-4t^3+t^2+6t-6}{\left(t^2-2t\right)^2}=\frac{t^3\left(t-4\right)+6\left(t-4\right)+18}{\left(t^2-2t\right)^2}>0\forall t\ge4\)
Lập bảng biến thiên ta có \(minf\left(t\right)=f\left(4\right)=\frac{41}{8}\)
Vậy \(minP=\frac{41}{24}\)khi x=y=z=2 hay a=b=2c