Cho các số dương a,b,c thỏa mãn: a2+b2+c2=3. Chứng minh rằng:
\(\left(\frac{4}{a^2+b^2}+1\right)\left(\frac{4}{b^2+c^2}+1\right)\left(\frac{4}{a^2+c^2}+1\right)\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
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Từ giả thiết của bài toán, ta biến đổi như sau:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac+bc\le2\)
Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương với
\(A=\frac{ab+1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{bc+1}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{ac+1}{\left(a+c\right)^2}\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2ab+2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{2bc+2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{2ac+2}{\left(a+c\right)^2}\ge6\)
Áp dụng giả thiết ta được
\(\frac{2ab+2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{2ab+2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{2ac+2}{\left(a+c\right)^2}\ge\text{∑}\frac{2ab+a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(=1+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+1+\frac{\left(b+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{\left(a+c^2\right)}+1+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(c+b\right)^2}\)
\(=3+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\left(b+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{\left(a+c\right)^2}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(c+b\right)^2}\ge\)
\(3+\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\left(b+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2}}=3+3=6\)
Vậy bài toán đã được chứng minh. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c=13√.■
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\(\Sigma_{sym}a^4b^4\ge\frac{\left(\Sigma_{sym}a^2b^2\right)^2}{3}\ge\frac{\left(\Sigma_{sym}ab\right)^4}{27}\ge\frac{a^2b^2c^2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=3a^4b^4c^4\)
\(\Sigma\frac{a^5}{bc^2}\ge\frac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^4}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)^3}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{27abc\left(a+b+c\right)^3}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(3\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{27abc}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 3 số dương ta có:
\(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)^4+\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)^4+\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)^4\ge3\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)}\right)^4\)
Ta chứng minh: \(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(1+\frac{3}{2+abc}\right)^3\left(1\right)\)
Theo BĐT Cô - si ta có:
\(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{abc}\)
\(\ge1+\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}+\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}+\frac{1}{abc}=\left(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^3\ge\left(1+\frac{3}{2+abc}\right)^3\)
(Vì \(abc+2=abc+1+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\))
Vậy \(\left(1\right)\) được chứng minh \(\Rightarrow BĐT\) đúng \(\forall a,b,c>0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left[\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)\right]^4}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3\left(\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{abc}}\right)^4\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\\\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a^2b^2c^2}}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{abc}\ge1+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
\(+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a^2b^2c^2}}+\frac{1}{abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{abc}\ge\left(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{abc}}\right)^4\)
\(\ge3\left(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^4\)
\(\left(2\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{abc}\le\frac{abc+1+1}{3}=\frac{abc+2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge1+\frac{3}{abc+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^4\ge3\left(1+\frac{3}{abc+2}\right)^4\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1) , (2) và (3)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3\left(1+\frac{3}{abc+2}\right)^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)^4+\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)^4+\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)^4\ge3\left(1+\frac{3}{2+abc}\right)^4\left(đpcm\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!