Cho a>b>0.CMR\(\frac{a+b}{2}-\sqrt{ab}< \frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{8b}\)
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Ta có: \(\sqrt{3a^2+8b^2+14ab}=\sqrt{\left(3a+2b\right)\left(a+4b\right)}\le2a+3b\)
Khi đó \(\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{3a^2+8b^2+14ab}}\ge\frac{a^2}{2a+3b}\), tương tự cho ta cũng có:
\(\frac{b^2}{\sqrt{3b^2+8c^2+14bc}}\ge\frac{b^2}{2b+3c};\frac{c^2}{\sqrt{3c^2+8a^2+14ca}}\ge\frac{c^2}{2c+3a}\)
Cộng theo vế ta có: \(\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{3a^2+8b^2+14ab}}+\frac{b^2}{\sqrt{3b^2+8c^2+14bc}}+\frac{c^2}{\sqrt{3c^2+8a^2+14ca}}\)
\(\ge\frac{a^2}{2a+3b}+\frac{b^2}{2b+3c}+\frac{c^2}{2c+3a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{5\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{5}\)
\(\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{3a^2+8b^2+14ab}}+\frac{b^2}{\sqrt{3b^2+8c^2+14bc}}+\frac{c^2}{\sqrt{3c^2+8a^2+14ca}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{3a^2+12ab+8b^2+2ab}}+\frac{b^2}{\sqrt{3b^2+12bc+8c^2+2bc}}+\frac{c^2}{\sqrt{3c^2+12ca+8a^2+2ca}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{3a\left(a+4b\right)+2b\left(4b+a\right)}}+\frac{b^2}{\sqrt{3b\left(b+4c\right)+2c\left(4c+b\right)}}+\frac{c^2}{\sqrt{3c\left(c+4a\right)+2a\left(4a+c\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{\left(a+4b\right)\left(3a+2b\right)}}+\frac{b^2}{\sqrt{\left(b+4c\right)\left(3b+2c\right)}}+\frac{c^2}{\sqrt{\left(c+4a\right)\left(3c+2a\right)}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\left(a+4b\right)\left(3a+2b\right)}\le\frac{4a+6b}{2}\\\sqrt{\left(b+4c\right)\left(3b+2c\right)}\le\frac{4b+6c}{2}\\\sqrt{\left(c+4a\right)\left(3c+2a\right)}\le\frac{4c+6a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{\left(a+4b\right)\left(3a+2b\right)}}\ge\frac{2a^2}{4a+6b}\\\frac{b^2}{\sqrt{\left(b+4c\right)\left(3b+2c\right)}}\ge\frac{2b^2}{4b+6c}\\\frac{c^2}{\sqrt{\left(c+4a\right)\left(3c+2a\right)}}\ge\frac{2c^2}{4c+6a}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{2a^2}{4a+6b}+\frac{2b^2}{4b+6c}+\frac{2c^2}{4c+6a}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\frac{2a^2}{4a+6b}+\frac{2b^2}{4b+6c}+\frac{2c^2}{4c+6a}\ge\frac{1}{5}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{a^2}{4a+6b}+\frac{b^2}{4b+6c}+\frac{c^2}{4c+6a}\right)\ge\frac{1}{5}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{4a+6b}+\frac{b^2}{4b+6c}+\frac{c^2}{4c+6a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{10\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{a^2}{4a+6b}+\frac{b^2}{4b+6c}+\frac{c^2}{4c+6a}\right)\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{10\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{a^2}{4a+6b}+\frac{b^2}{4b+6c}+\frac{c^2}{4c+6a}\right)\ge\frac{1}{5}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Vậy \(\frac{2a^2}{4a+6b}+\frac{2b^2}{4b+6c}+\frac{2c^2}{4c+6a}\ge\frac{1}{5}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Mà \(VT\ge\frac{2a^2}{4a+6b}+\frac{2b^2}{4b+6c}+\frac{2c^2}{4c+6a}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{1}{5}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{3a^2+8b^2+14ab}}+\frac{b^2}{\sqrt{3b^2+8c^2+14bc}}+\frac{c^2}{\sqrt{3c^2+8a^2+14ca}}\ge\frac{1}{5}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
( đpcm )
\(\frac{a+b}{2}-\sqrt{ab}=\frac{a-2\sqrt{ab}+b}{2}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{2}=\frac{4b\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{8b}\)
\(=\frac{\left(2\sqrt{b}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{8b}=\frac{\left(2\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\right)^2}{8b}=\frac{\left(2\sqrt{ab}-2b\right)^2}{8b}\)
vì \(0< =\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2=a-2\sqrt{ab}+b\Rightarrow2\sqrt{ab}< =a+b\Rightarrow2\sqrt{ab}-2b< =a+b-2b\)
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{ab}-2b< =a-b\)
dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b mà a>b(giả thiết)\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{ab}-2b< a-b\Rightarrow\frac{\left(2\sqrt{ab}-2b\right)^2}{8b}< \frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{8b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{2}-\sqrt{ab}< \frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{8b}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)+abc\)
\(=abc+a^2b+ab^2+a^2c+ac^2+b^2c+bc^2+abc+abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)( phân tích nhân tử các kiểu )
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\left(1\right)\)
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc};ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc\)
\(\Rightarrow-abc\ge\frac{-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
Khi đó:\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
\(=\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) có đpcm
Ta thấy: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2+bc}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}}\)
Ta lại có: \(\sqrt[3]{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}\le\frac{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)+\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)+\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\ge\frac{\Sigma_{cyc}\left(a^2+bc\right)}{\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}{\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}\)
Nhận thấy: \(A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)=a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc+2\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
Theo Schur: \(a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge3\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\ge\frac{3\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
2/ Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(c=min\left\{a,b,c\right\}\).
Nếu abc = 0 thì có ít nhất một số bằng 0. Giả sử c = 0. BĐT quy về: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b; c = 0.
Nếu \(abc\ne0\). Chia hai vế của BĐT cho \(\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\)
BĐT quy về: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^4}{b^2c^2}}+3\ge2\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{ab}{c^2}}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2}{bc}}=x;\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^2}{ca}}=y;\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^2}{ab}}=z\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
Cần chúng minh: \(x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xyz+1\ge2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\) (1)
Theo nguyên lí Dirichlet thì trong 3 số x - 1, y - 1, z - 1 tồn tại ít nhất 2 số có tích không âm. Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow2xyz\ge2xz+2yz-2z\). Thay vào (1):
\(VT\ge x^2+y^2+z^2+2xz+2yz-2z+1\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(z-1\right)^2+2xy+2xz+2yz\)
\(\ge2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
Vậy (1) đúng. BĐT đã được chứng minh.
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c hoặc a = b, c = 0 và các hoán vị.
Check giúp em vs @Nguyễn Việt Lâm, bài dài quá:(
Để đưa về chứng minh $(1)$ và $(2)$ ta dùng:
Định lí SOS: Nếu \(X+Y+Z=0\) thì \(AX^2+BY^2+CZ^2\ge0\)
khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}A+B+C\ge0\\AB+BC+CA\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Chứng minh: Vì \(\sum\left(A+C\right)=2\left(A+B+C\right)\ge0\)
Nên ta có thể giả sử \(A+C\ge0\). Mà $X+Y+Z=0$ nên$:$
\(AX^2+BY^2+CZ^2=AX^2+BY^2+C\left[-\left(X+Y\right)\right]^2\)
\(={\frac { \left( AX+CX+CY \right) ^{2}}{A+C}}+{\frac {{Y}^{2} \left( AB+AC+BC \right) }{A+C}} \geq 0\)