phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử bằng phương pháp đặt ẩn phụ
c) (x2+x+1)(x2+x+2)-12
d)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)(x+5)-24
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8: \(=\left(x-2y\right)\cdot x\cdot\left(x+3\right)\)
9: \(=\left(5x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)-x\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(4x+2\right)\)
=2(2x+1)(x-3)
3: \(=2\left(x+2\right)\left(25x-15-x\right)\)
\(=2\left(x+2\right)\left(24x-15\right)\)
=6(x+2)(8x-5)
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4) - 24
= x4 + 10x3 + 35x2 + 50x + 24 - 24
= x4 + 10x3 + 35x2 + 50x
( x + 1 ). ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) ( x + 4 ) - 24
= ( x2 + 5x + 4 ) .( x2 + 5x + 6 ) - 24
Đặt t = x2 + 5x + 5
=> ( t - 1 ). ( t + 1 ) - 24
= t2 - 1 - 24
= t2 - 25
= ( t - 5 ). ( t + 5 )
= ( x2 + 5x + 5 - 5 ) . ( x2 + 5x + 5 + 5 )
= ( x2 + 5x ) . ( x2 + 5x + 10 )
= x. ( x + 5 ) . ( x2 + 5x + 10 )
\(=\left(x^2+6x\right)\left(x^2+6x+8\right)-9\)
\(=\left(x^2+6x\right)^2+8\left(x^2+6x\right)-9\)
\(=\left(x^2+6x+9\right)\left(x^2+6x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2\cdot\left(x^2+6x-1\right)\)
h) \(y\left(y-x\right)^3-x\left(x-y\right)^2+xy\left(x-y\right)=y\left(y-x\right)^3-x\left(y-x\right)^2-xy\left(y-x\right)=\left(y-x\right)\left[y\left(y-x\right)^2-x-xy\right]=\left(y-x\right)\left[y\left(y^2-2xy+x^2\right)-x-xy\right]=\left(y-x\right)\left(y^3-2xy^2+x^2y-x-xy\right)\)
i) \(10x^2\left(a-2b\right)^2-\left(x^2+2\right)\left(2b-a\right)^2=10x^2\left(a-2b\right)^2-\left(x^2+2\right)\left(a-2b\right)^2=\left(a-2b\right)^2\left(10x^2-x^2-2\right)=\left(a-2b\right)^2\left(9x^2-2\right)\)
g: \(3\left(x-y\right)-5x\left(y-x\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(5x+3\right)\)
f: \(4x^2\left(x+1\right)+2x^2\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=6x^2\left(x+1\right)\)
f: \(4x^2\left(x+1\right)+2x^2\left(x+1\right)=6x^2\left(x+1\right)\)
g: \(3\left(x-y\right)-5x\left(y-x\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(5x+3\right)\)
câu f có ( x+1) là nhân tử chung
câu g đổi dấu - thành + thì (y-x) sẽ thành (x-y)
\(Dat:a^2+a+1=b\Rightarrow....=a\left(a+1\right)-12=\left(a+4\right)\left(a-3\right)\)
=
a) \(\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+2\right)-12\) (1)
Đặt x2 + x +1 = t
Ta có : \(t\left(t+1\right)-12=t^2+t-12=t^2-3t+4t-12\)
\(=t\left(t-3\right)+4\left(t-3\right)=\left(t-3\right)\left(t+4\right)\)
Thay vào (1), ta được : \(\left(x^2+x+1-3\right)\left(x^2+x+1+4\right)=\left(x^2+x-2\right)\left(x^2+x+5\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+x+5\right)\)
b) \(\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)-24\) (2)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x+5\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)-24\)
\(=\left(x^2+7x+10\right)\left(x^2+7x+12\right)-24\)
Đặt x2 + 7x + 11 = y
Ta có : \(\left(y-1\right)\left(y+1\right)-24=y^2-1-24=y^2-25=\left(y-5\right)\left(y+5\right)\)
Thay vào (2), ta được : \(\left(x^2+7x+11-5\right)\left(x^2+7x+11+5\right)=\left(x^2+7x+6\right)\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)