Cho a,b,c≥0 thoả a²+b²+c²-3b≥0
CMR: 2a+3b+2c≤6
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\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b+c-a=2a\\2c-b+a=2b\\2a+b-c=2c\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-2b=c\\3b-2c=a\\3c-2a=b\end{matrix}\right.\text{ và }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-c=2b\\3b-a=2c\\3c-b=2a\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{a\cdot b\cdot c}{2a\cdot2b\cdot3c}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
a) Từ \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)
Khi đó : \(\frac{2a-3b}{2a+3b}=\frac{2bk-3b}{2bk+3b}=\frac{2b\left(k-\frac{3}{2}\right)}{2b\left(k+\frac{3}{2}\right)}=\frac{k-\frac{3}{2}}{k+\frac{3}{2}}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{2c-3d}{2c+3d}=\frac{2dk-3d}{2dk+3d}=\frac{2d\left(k-\frac{3}{2}\right)}{2d\left(k+\frac{3}{2}\right)}=\frac{k-\frac{3}{2}}{k+\frac{3}{2}}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\frac{2a-3b}{2a+3b}=\frac{2c-3d}{2c+3d}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
b) Ta có : \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{bkb}{dkd}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}=\frac{\left(bk-b\right)^2}{\left(dk-d\right)^2}=\frac{\left[b\left(k-1\right)\right]^2}{\left[d\left(k-1\right)\right]^2}=\frac{b^2,\left(k-1\right)^2}{d^2.\left(k-1\right)^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\dfrac{ab}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{2}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{bc}{b+3c+2a}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{c+a}+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{ca}{c+3a+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ca}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{2}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{bc+ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca+ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{bc+ab}{c+a}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Đặt a/b =c/d =k => a=kb , c=kd
thay vào ta có : 2kb + 3b/2kb-3b và 2kd + 3d / 2kd - 3d
= b.(2k + 3)/ b.(2k -3) = d.( 2k+ 3) / d.( 2k -3)
= 2k+3/2k-3 = 2k + 3 / 2k -3
Vì 2k+3/ 2k-3 = 2k+3 / 2k - 3 => dpcm
A =(a+b-2c) -(-a+b+c) -(2a-b-c)
= a+b-2c+a-b-c-2a+b+c
= b-2c
B=-(2a-b+c) + (b-2c-3a) -(-5a-3c+b)
= -2a+b-c+b-2c-3a+5a+3c-b
= b-c
C=(3a-b-2c)-( 2b+3c-a) +(2a-3b)
= a-b-2c-2b-3c+a+2a-3b
= -6b-5c
D=(5a-3b+c) +( 2a-3b+5) -( b-c+a)
= 5a-3b+c+2a-3b+5-b+c-a
= 6a-7b+2c
\(A=\left(a+b-2c\right)-\left(-a+b+c\right)-\left(2a-b-c\right)\)
\(=a+b-2c+a-b-c-2a+b+c=b-2c\)
\(B=-\left(2a-b+c\right)+\left(b-2c-3a\right)-\left(-5a-3c+b\right)\)
\(=-2a+b-c+b-2c-3a+5a+3c-b=b\)
\(C=\left(3a-b-2c\right)-\left(2b+3c-a\right)+\left(2a-3b\right)\)
\(=3a-b-2c-2b-3c+a+2a-3b=6a-6b-5c\)
\(D=\left(5a-3b+c\right)+\left(2a-3b+5\right)-\left(b-c+a\right)\)
\(=5a-3b+c+2a-3b+5-b+c-a=6a-7b+2c\)