Tìm GTNN của biểu thức sau:
a)A=|x+3/2|
b)B=|x-1/2|+3/4
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b) Ta có: \(B=x^2+2x+y^2-4y+6\)
\(=x^2+2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(B_{min}=1\) khi (x,y)=(-1;2)
c) Ta có: \(C=4x^2+4x+9y^2-6y-5\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+9y^2-6y+1-7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2-7\ge-7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(C_{min}=-7\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=2x^2+x=2\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x\right)=2\left(x^2+2.\dfrac{1}{4}x+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\)
\(=2\left[\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{16}\right]\ge-\dfrac{1}{8}\) dấu"=' xảy ra<=>x=\(-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(B=x^2+2x+y^2-4y+6\)
\(=x^2+2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\)
\(\ge1\) dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=-1;y=2
\(C=4x^2+4x+9y^2-6y-5\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+9y^2-6y+1-7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2-7\ge-7\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=\(-\dfrac{1}{2},y=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(D=\left(2+x\right)\left(x+4\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
=\(x^2+6x+8-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2-1-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2\left(2-x\right)-1\ge-1\)
dấu"=" xảy ra\(< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Ta thấy: \(\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=\dfrac{9}{2}+\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\forall x\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi: \(\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{5}-x=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
Vậy \(Min_Q=\dfrac{9}{2}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{2}{5}\).
\(---\)
b) Ta thấy: \(\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|-\dfrac{3}{5}\ge-\dfrac{3}{5}\forall x\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi: \(\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|=0\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{2}{3}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Vậy \(Min_M=-\dfrac{3}{5}\) khi \(x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\).
\(---\)
c) Ta thấy: \(\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow N=-\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|-8\le-8\forall x\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi: \(\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{7}{4}-x=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
Vậy \(Max_N=-8\) khi \(x=\dfrac{7}{4}\).
a) Ta có: \(\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=\dfrac{9}{2}+\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\dfrac{2}{5}-x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
Vậy: ...
b) Ta có: \(\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|-\dfrac{3}{5}\ge-\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(x+\dfrac{2}{3}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Vậy: ...
c) Ta có: \(-\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow N=-\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|-8\le-8\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(\dfrac{7}{4}-x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
Vậy: ...
3 câu này bạn áp dụng cái này nhé.
`a^2 >=0 forall a`.
`|a| >=0 forall a`.
`1/a` xác định `<=> a ne 0`.
a: P=(x+30)^2+(y-4)^2+1975>=1975 với mọi x,y
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-30 và y=4
b: Q=(3x+1)^2+|2y-1/3|+căn 5>=căn 5 với mọi x,y
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-1/3 và y=1/6
c: -x^2-x+1=-(x^2+x-1)
=-(x^2+x+1/4-5/4)
=-(x+1/2)^2+5/4<=5/4
=>R>=3:5/4=12/5
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-1/2
a: M=A:B
\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+10-\sqrt{x}-3}{x-9}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{1}=\dfrac{x+7}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
b: \(M=\dfrac{x-9+16}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\sqrt{x}-3+\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
=>\(M=\sqrt{x}+3+\dfrac{16}{\sqrt{x}+3}-6>=2\sqrt{16}-6=2\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi (căn x+3)^2=16
=>căn x+3=4
=>x=1
a: =-x^2+6x-4
=-(x^2-6x+4)
=-(x^2-6x+9-5)
=-(x-3)^2+5<=5
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=3
b: =3(x^2-5/3x+7/3)
=3(x^2-2*x*5/6+25/36+59/36)
=3(x-5/6)^2+59/12>=59/12
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=5/6
c: \(=-\left(x-3\right)^2+2\left|x-3\right|\)
\(=-\left[\left(\left|x-3\right|\right)^2-2\left|x-3\right|+1-1\right]\)
\(=-\left(\left|x-3\right|-1\right)^2+1< =1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=4 hoặc x=2
a.
\(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1+\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+2\sqrt{x}}{1-x}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1+x-\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}}{1-x}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
b.
\(P=\dfrac{B}{A}=\dfrac{x+3}{\sqrt{x}+1}:\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{x+3}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\dfrac{x-1+4}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\sqrt{x}+1+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)\(=\sqrt{x}-1+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}-1}+2\)
Theo BĐT AM - GM ta có: \(\sqrt{x}-1+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}-1}\ge2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}-1}}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{P}\ge6\Rightarrow Min_{\dfrac{1}{P}}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2=4\Rightarrow x=9\) (loại trường hợp \(\sqrt{x}-1=-2\))
Vậy GTNN của biểu thức \(\dfrac{1}{P}=6\) khi x = 9.
B=\(4x^2-4x+1+x^2+4x+4=5x^2+5\)
\(=5\left(x^2+1\right)\)
vì\(x^2+1\ge1\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B\ge5\forall x\)
dấu'=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
vậy B đạt GTNN =5 khi x=0
Bài 2:
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-3x+5\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\)
hay \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy: Giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức \(A=x^2-3x+5\) là \(\dfrac{11}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)
\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)
Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được
\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)
2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)
Dấu"=" khi a = 4b
nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)
khi đó a + b = 1
mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(A=\dfrac{4x+3}{x^2+1}\Leftrightarrow Ax^2+A=4x+3\\ \Leftrightarrow Ax^2-4x+A-3=0\)
Coi đây là PT bậc 2 ẩn x thì PT có nghiệm
\(\Leftrightarrow\Delta=16-4A\left(A-3\right)\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow16-4A^2+12A\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow-A^2+3A+4\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow-1\le A\le4\)
Vậy \(A_{max}=4;A_{min}=-1\)
\(A_{max}=4\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4x+3}{x^2+1}=4\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x+1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ A_{min}=-1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4x+3}{x^2+1}=-1\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=-4x-3\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)