b.B=5+53+55+...+5201+5203 chia hết cho 31
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a, Ta có:
2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100
= 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + 2 5 +...+ 2 96 + 2 97 + 2 98 + 2 99 + 2 100
= 2. 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 +...+ 2 96 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4
= 2 . 31 + 2 6 . 31 + . . . + 2 96 . 31
= 2 + 2 6 + . . . + 2 96 . 31 chia hết cho 31
b, Ta có:
5 + 5 2 + 5 3 + 5 4 + 5 5 + 5 6 + . . . + 5 149 + 5 150
= 5 + 5 2 + 5 3 + 5 4 + 5 5 + 5 6 + . . . + 5 149 + 5 150
= 5 1 + 5 + 5 3 1 + 5 + 5 5 1 + 5 + . . . + 5 149 1 + 5
= 5 . 6 + 5 3 . 6 + 5 5 . 6 + . . . + 5 149 . 6
= ( 5 + 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 149 ) . 6 chia hết cho 6
Ta lại có:
5 + 5 2 + 5 3 + 5 4 + 5 5 + 5 6 + . . . + 5 149 + 5 150
= 5 + 5 2 + 5 3 + 5 4 + 5 5 + 5 6 +...+ 5 145 + 5 146 + 5 147 + 5 148 + 5 149 + 5 150 (có đúng 25 nhóm)
= [ ( 5 + 5 4 ) + ( 5 2 + 5 5 ) + ( 5 3 + 5 6 ) ] + ... + [ 5 145 + 5 148 ) + ( 5 146 + 5 149 ) + ( 5 147 + 5 150 ]
= [ 5 ( 1 + 5 3 ) + 5 2 ( 1 + 5 3 ) + 5 3 ( 1 + 5 3 ) ] + ... + [ 5 145 1 + 5 3 ) + 5 146 ( 1 + 5 3 ) + 5 147 ( 1 + 5 3 ]
= ( 5 . 126 + 5 2 . 126 + 5 3 . 126 ) + ... + ( 5 145 . 126 + 5 146 . 126 + 5 147 . 126 )
= ( 5 + 5 2 + 5 3 ) . 126 + ( 5 7 + 5 8 + 5 9 ) . 126 + ... + ( 5 145 + 5 146 + 5 147 ) . 126
= 126.[ ( 5 + 5 2 + 5 3 ) + ( 5 7 + 5 8 + 5 9 ) + ... + ( 5 145 + 5 146 + 5 147 ) ] chia hết cho 126.
Vậy 5 + 5 2 + 5 3 + 5 4 + 5 5 + 5 6 + . . . + 5 149 + 5 150 vừa chia hết cho 6, vừa chia hết cho 126
Ta có : n + 3 = (n + 1) + 2
Do n + 1\(⋮\)n + 1
Để n + 3 \(⋮\)n + 1 thì 2 \(⋮\)n + 1 => n + 1 \(\in\)Ư(2) = {1; -1; 2; - 2}
Lập bảng :
n + 1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 |
n | 0 | -2 | 1 | -3 |
Vậy n \(\in\){0; -2; 1; -3} thì n + 3 \(⋮\)n + 1
b) Ta có : 2n + 7 = 2.(n - 3) + 13
Do n - 3 \(⋮\)n - 3
Để 2n + 7 \(⋮\)n - 3 thì 13 \(⋮\)n - 3 => n - 3 \(\in\)Ư(13) = {1; -1; -13 ; 13}
Lập bảng :
n - 3 | 1 | -1 | 13 | -13 |
n | 4 | 2 | 16 | -10 |
Vậy n \(\in\){4; 2; 16; -10} thì 2n + 7 \(⋮\)n - 3
Bài 1 :
a) \(n+3⋮n+1\)
\(a+1+2⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow2⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow n+1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2\right\}\)
n+1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 |
n | 0 | -2 | 1 | -3 |
b) c) d) tương tự
Bài 2 :
\(A=5+4^2\cdot\left(1+4\right)+...+4^{58}\cdot\left(1+4\right)\)
\(A=5+4^2\cdot5+...+4^{58}\cdot5\)
\(A=5\cdot\left(1+4^2+...+4^{58}\right)⋮5\)
Còn lại : tương tự
1/
Ta có:
356 - 355 + 354 - 353 = 353.33 - 353.32 + 353.3 - 353.1
= 353(33 - 32 +3 - 1)
=353.20
Vì 20\(⋮\)20 nên 353.20\(⋮\)20
hay 356 - 355 + 354 - 353\(⋮\)20 (đccm)
2/
Ta có: 231 + 230 = 230.2 + 230.1
=230(2 + 1)
=230.3 \(⋮\)3 (vì 3\(⋮\)3)
hay 231 + 230\(⋮\)3
Mà 329\(⋮\)3 (lũy thừa của 3) ; 328\(⋮\)3 (lũy thừa của 3)
\(\Rightarrow\)231 + 230 - 329 - 328 \(⋮\)3 (đccm)
S = 5 + 5² + 5³ + 5⁴ + ... + 5²⁰¹²
= (5 + 5² + 5³ + 5⁴) + (5⁵ + 5⁶ + 5⁷ + 5⁸) + ... + (5²⁰⁰⁹ + 5²⁰¹⁰ + 5²⁰¹¹ + 5²⁰¹²)
= 780 + 5⁴.(5 + 5² + 5³ + 5⁴) + ... + 5²⁰⁰⁸.(5 + 5² + 5³ + 5⁴)
= 780 + 5⁴.780 + ... + 5²⁰⁰⁸.780
= 65.12 + 5⁴.65.12 + ... + 5²⁰⁰⁸.65.12
= 65.12(1 + 5⁴ + ... + 5²⁰⁰⁸) ⋮ 65
Vậy S ⋮ 65
\(B=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{2009}+3^{2010}\)
\(=\left(3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4\right)+...+\left(3^{2009}+3^{2010}\right)\)
\(=3\left(1+3\right)+3^3\left(1+3\right)+...+3^{2009}\left(1+3\right)\)
\(=4.\left(3+3^3+...+3^{2009}\right)\)
⇒ \(B\) ⋮ 4
b: \(C=5\left(1+5+5^2\right)+...+5^{2008}\left(1+5+5^2\right)=31\cdot\left(5+...+5^{2008}\right)⋮31\)
\(B=5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{88}+5^{89}+5^{90}\)
\(=\left(5+5^2+5^3\right)+\left(5^4+5^5+5^6\right)+...+\left(5^{88}+5^{89}+5^{90}\right)\)
\(=5\left(1+5+5^2\right)+5^4\left(1+5+5^2\right)+...+5^{88}\left(1+5+5^2\right)\)
\(=31\left(5+5^4+...+5^{88}\right)⋮31\)
Đặt \(A=1+5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{402}+5^{403}+5^{404}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(1+5+5^2\right)+\left(5^3+5^4+5^5\right)+...+\left(5^{399}+5^{400}+5^{401}\right)+\left(5^{402}+5^{403}+5^{404}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=31.1+31.5^3+...+31.5^{402}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=31\left(1+5^3+5^6+...+5^{402}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A⋮31\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\left(1+5+5^2\right)+\left(5^3+5^4+5^5\right)+...+\left(5^{402}+5^{403}+5^{404}\right)\\ =31+5^3.\left(1+5+5^2\right)+...+5^{402}.\left(1+5+5^2\right)\\ =31+5^3.31+...+5^{402}.31\\ =31.\left(1+5^3+...+5^{402}\right)⋮31\left(DPCM\right)\)
B = ( 5+ 5^3+ 5^5 ) + ( 5^7+ 5^9+ 5^11) + ...+ ( 5^199+ 5^201+ 5^203)
B = 5 x ( 1+ 5^2+ 5^4 ) + 5^7 x ( 1+ 5^2+ 5^4)+...+ 5^199 x ( 1+5^2+ 5^4 )
B = 5 x 651 + 5^7 x 651 +...+ 5^199 x 651
Mà 651 chia hết cho 31 nên B chia hết cho 31
Ta có: \(B=5+5^3+5^5+5^7+5^9+5^{11}+...+5^{199}+5^{201}+5^{203}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(5+5^3+5^5\right)+\left(5^7+5^9+5^{11}\right)+...+\left(5^{199}+5^{201}+5^{203}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=5\left(1+5^2+5^4\right)+5^7\left(1+5^2+5^4\right)+...+5^{199}\left(1+5^2+5^4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(1+5^2+5^4\right)\left(5+5^7+...+5^{199}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=651\left(5+5^7+...+5^{199}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=31.21.\left(5+5^7+...+5^{199}\right)\)
Vì \(\left[31.21\left(5+5^7+...+5^{199}\right)\right]⋮31\)
Vậy \(B⋮31\)