\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b^3}+\frac{a}{b^4}=?}\)
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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^4}{b^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^4}{b^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^4}{b^4}}+\frac{a}{b}+1\geq \frac{5a}{b}\)
\(\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^4}{c^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^4}{c^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^4}{c^4}}+\frac{b}{c}+1\geq \frac{5b}{c}\)
\(\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^4}{a^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^4}{a^4}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^4}{a^4}}+\frac{c}{a}+1\geq \frac{5c}{a}\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn:
\(3\text{VT}\geq 4\text{VP}-3\)
Mà theo BĐT AM-GM: \(\text{VP}=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\geq 3\)
Do đó:
$3\text{VT}\geq 4\text{VP}-3\geq 3\text{VP}$
$\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \text{VP}$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Cách khác:
Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{b}}=x;\sqrt[3]{\frac{b}{c}}=y;\sqrt[3]{\frac{c}{a}}=z\Rightarrow xyz=1,x>0,y>0,z>0\) (mục đích là khử căn)
Cần chứng minh: \(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge x^3+y^3+z^3\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4\ge\sqrt[3]{xyz}\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\)
Do \(\sqrt[3]{xyz}\le\frac{x+y+z}{3}\). Vì vậy, nó đủ để chứng minh rằng:
\(3\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\)
Đến đây có nhiều hướng giải, sau đây là một vài hướng:
Hướng 1:
Sử dụng BĐT C-S:
\(3\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)=3\left(\frac{x^6}{x^2}+\frac{y^6}{y^2}+\frac{z^6}{z^2}\right)\ge\frac{3\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
\(=\frac{3\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\left(\frac{x^4}{x}+\frac{y^4}{y}+\frac{z^4}{z}\right)}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\ge\frac{\frac{3\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x+y+z}}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
\(=\frac{3\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{x+y+z}\ge\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Hướng 2:(Dùng SOS)
\(VT-VP=\sum\limits_{cyc} (x^2 +xy+y^2)(x-y)^2 \geq 0\)
Hướng 3: (Dùng S-S)
Giả sử \(z=min\left\{x,y,z\right\}\).
\(VT-VP=2\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x^2+xz+y^2+yz+2z^2\right)\ge0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
P/s:@Akai Haruma: Em nghĩ hướng này sẽ dễ suy luận hơn cách ghép cặp bằng AM-GM ạ! Cách kia hơi ảo diệu.
Bài 1:
a)
\(\frac{\sqrt{2.3}+\sqrt{2.7}}{2\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{7}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7})}{2(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7})}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
b)
\(\frac{\sqrt{2}+1}{\sqrt{2}-1}=\frac{(\sqrt{2}+1)^2}{(\sqrt{2}-1)(\sqrt{2}+1)}=\frac{3+2\sqrt{2}}{2-1}=3+2\sqrt{2}\)
Bài 2:
a)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{(\sqrt{2}+1)(\sqrt{2}-1)}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{2-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{4-3}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{1}=1\) (đpcm)
b)
\(\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{\frac{4+2\sqrt{3}}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{4-2\sqrt{3}}{2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{(\sqrt{3}+1)^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{(\sqrt{3}-1)^2}{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{6}\) (đpcm)
c) Sửa đề:
\(\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-2}+\frac{4\sqrt{a}-1}{a-4}\right):\frac{1}{a-4}=\left[\frac{a-2\sqrt{a}-(a+2\sqrt{a})}{(\sqrt{a}+2)(\sqrt{a}-2)}+\frac{4\sqrt{a}-1}{a-4}\right].(a-4)\)
\(=\left(\frac{-4\sqrt{a}}{a-4}+\frac{4\sqrt{a}-1}{a-4}\right).(a-4)=-4\sqrt{a}+4\sqrt{a}-1=-1\)
d)
\(\frac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{b}}-\frac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{a}+2\sqrt{b}}-\frac{2b}{b-a}=\frac{(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b})^2-(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b})^2}{2(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b})(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b})}+\frac{2b}{a-b}=\frac{4\sqrt{ab}}{2(a-b)}+\frac{2b}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{ab}+2b}{a-b}=\frac{2\sqrt{b}(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b})}{(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b})(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b})}=\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\)
2/
a/ \(\sqrt{a}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{a}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}}=2\), dấu "=" khi \(a=1\)
b/ \(a+b+\frac{1}{2}=a+\frac{1}{4}+b+\frac{1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{a.\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{b.\frac{1}{4}}=\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{4}\)
c/ Có lẽ bạn viết đề nhầm, nếu đề đúng thế này thì mình ko biết làm
Còn đề như vậy: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\) thì làm như sau:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\) ; \(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}\); \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{2}{z}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{xz}}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(x=y=z\)
d/ \(\frac{\sqrt{3}+2}{\sqrt{3}-2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}-2}{\sqrt{3}+2}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{7+4\sqrt{3}}{3-4}-\frac{7-4\sqrt{3}}{3-4}=-7-4\sqrt{3}+7-4\sqrt{3}=-8\sqrt{3}\)
e/ \(\frac{a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{ab}}:\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^3+\left(\sqrt{b}\right)^3}{\sqrt{ab}}.\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{ab}}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b-\sqrt{ab}\right)}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\frac{a^2-b^2}{\sqrt{ab}}-\left(a-b\right)\) (bạn chép đề sai)
Bài 1:
Ta có:
\(\left(a-b+c\right)^3=a^3-b^3+c^3-3a^2b+3a^2c+3ab^2+3b^2c+3ac^2-3bc^2-6abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{9}}-\sqrt[3]{\frac{2}{9}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{4}{9}}\right)^3=\frac{1}{9}-\frac{2}{9}+\frac{4}{9}-\frac{1}{3}.\sqrt[3]{2}+\frac{1}{3}.\sqrt[3]{4}+\frac{1}{3}.\sqrt[3]{4}+\frac{2}{3}.\sqrt[3]{2}\)
\(+\frac{2}{3}.\sqrt[3]{2}-\frac{2}{3}.\sqrt[3]{4}-\frac{4}{3}=\sqrt[3]{2}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{\sqrt[3]{2}-1}=\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{9}}-\sqrt[3]{\frac{2}{9}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{4}{9}}\)
a) \(A = \sqrt[3]{{5\sqrt {\frac{1}{5}} }} = \sqrt[3]{{a\sqrt {\frac{1}{a}} }} = \sqrt[3]{{a.{a^{\frac{1}{2}}}}} = \sqrt[3]{{{a^{\frac{3}{2}}}}} = {\left( {{a^{\frac{3}{2}}}} \right)^{\frac{1}{3}}} = {a^{\frac{3}{2}.\frac{1}{3}}} = {a^{\frac{1}{2}}} = \sqrt a \)
b) \(B = \frac{{4\sqrt[5]{2}}}{{\sqrt[3]{4}}} = \frac{{{2^2}{{.2}^{\frac{1}{5}}}}}{{{4^{\frac{1}{3}}}}} = \frac{{{2^{\frac{{11}}{5}}}}}{{{2^{\frac{2}{3}}}}} = {2^{\frac{{23}}{{15}}}}\)
\(a = \sqrt 2 = {2^{\frac{1}{2}}}\)
=> \(B = {a^{\frac{{23}}{{30}}}}\)
Ta có : \(a=\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2+2\sqrt{3}+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}=\sqrt{3}+1\)
Tương tự ta có \(b=\sqrt{3}-1\)
Thiết lập được : \(\sqrt{ab}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right).\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}=\sqrt{3-1}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(a+b=\sqrt{3}+1+\sqrt{3}-1=2\sqrt{3}\)
Khi đó : \(A=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}-1}-\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
......
Lời giải :
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b^3}+\frac{a}{b^4}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab+a}{b^4}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab+a}}{b^2}\)