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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right);n_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{27,2}{136}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH(1): 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,2 0,3
PTHH(2): Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,2 0,2
Ta có: \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=0,5-0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=0,2.27+0,2.65=18,4\left(g\right)\)
a)
\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\)
b)
Gọi : \(n_{H_2} = a(mol) \Rightarrow n_{HCl} = 2a\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(13,5 + 2a.36,5 = 66,75 + 2.a\\ \Rightarrow a = 0,75\\ \Rightarrow V = 0,75.22,4 = 16,8(lít)\)
a) Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
2Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
Zn + 2 HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
b) mY-mX=mCl
<=> mCl= 66,75-13,5=53,25(g)
=>nCl=53,25/35,5=1,5(mol)
=> nH2= nCl/2= 1,5/2=0,75(mol)
=>V=V(H2,đktc)=0,75.22,4=16,8(l)
\(2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_4+H_2\\ Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Zn}=3a\left(mol\right)\\ m_X=27,8=a\left(27+56\right)+3a.65\\ a=0,1\\ n_{HCl}=0,375.0,8=0,3mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45mol\\ n_{H^{^+}}=0,3+0,9=1,2mol\\ BT.e^{^{ }-}:3n_{Al}+2n_{Fe}+2n_{Zn}=3a+2a+6a=1,1mol\\ 2n_{H_2}=4n_{H^{^+}}=4,8mol\\ 1,1< 4,8\Rightarrow X:pư.hết\\ 2n_{H_2}=1,1\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,55mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,55.22,4=12,32L\)
Bổ sung
Câu 2:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24n_{Mg}+56n_{Fe}=5,92\\95n_{Mg}+127n_{Fe}=15,86\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,06\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,08\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,06.24=1,44\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,08.56=4,48\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2n_{Mg}+2n_{Fe}=2n_{H2}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{Dd\left(HCl\right)}=\frac{0,28}{2}=0,14\left(l\right)=140\left(ml\right)\)
Gọi nFe = nAl = a mol
có mX = mAl + mFe = 27a +56a =83a = 7,47 gam
⇒ a =0,09 mol
PTHH :
2Al + 6HCl ----> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl -----> FeCl2 + H2
Theo PT trên nH2SO4 = 3nAl + 2nFe = 3.0,09 +2.0,09 =0,45 mol
\(=>C\%HCL=\frac{0,45.36,5}{400}.100\%=4,11\%\)
có nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,09 mol
nFeCl2 = nFe =0,2 mol
⇒ m muối khan = mAlCl3 + mFeCl2 = 0,09.133,5 + 0,09.127 = 23,445 gam
\(n_{HCl}=0,5a\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
Theo các pthh: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,5a=0,25a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=0,25a.80\%=0,2a\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{giảm}=m_O=40-36,8=3,2\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn O: \(n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_O=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow0,2a=0,1\Leftrightarrow a=2\)
