Chứng minh rằng:
\(\sqrt[3]{1+2+3+4+...+n}=1+2+3+4+...+n\) với mọi \(n\in N\)
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Lời giải:
Đặt \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{P}{2}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\)
\(< \frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}(1)\)
Mà:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1})}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2})}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3})}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1})}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\)
\(=(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})+(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+...+(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})\)
\(=\sqrt{n}-1(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow \frac{P}{2}< \sqrt{n}-1\Rightarrow P< 2\sqrt{n}-2\)
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Tương tự:
\(\frac{P}{2}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P> 2\sqrt{n}-2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
Mà \(2\sqrt{n}-2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}> 2\sqrt{n}-3\Rightarrow P>2\sqrt{n}-3\)
Ta có đpcm.
Lời giải:
Xét số hạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n})}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}<\frac{(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}).2\sqrt{n+1}}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}\)
Hay \(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 2\)
Ta có đpcm.
Xét số hạng tổng quát ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\left(n+1\right)n}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< \sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{n}\cdot\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Áp dụng vào bài tập, ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)
\(< \frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 2\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Do đó:
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(VT=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 1\) (đpcm)
Đặt:
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}\)
\(>\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{101}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{99}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{1}\right)>\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{9}{4}\)
Câu 2/ Ta có:
\(n^{n+1}>\left(n+1\right)^n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n>\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^n\left(1\right)\)
Giờ ta chứng minh cái (1) đúng với mọi \(n\ge3\)
Với \(n=3\) thì dễ thấy (1) đúng.
Giả sử (1) đúng đến \(n=k\) hay
\(k>\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^k\)
Ta cần chứng minh (1) đúng với \(n=k+1\)hay \(k+1>\left(1+\frac{1}{k+1}\right)^{k+1}\)
Ta có: \(\left(1+\frac{1}{k+1}\right)^{k+1}< \left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^{k+1}=\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^k.\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)\)
\(< k\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)=k+1\)
Vậy có ĐPCM
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