Qyu đồng mẫu số các phân số sau :
a) \(\frac{2}{n}\)và \(\frac{2}{n+1}\)
b) \(\frac{1}{n.\left(n+1\right)}\)và \(\frac{-2}{n+1}\)
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\(\frac{2}{n}+\frac{2}{n+1}=\frac{2\left(n+1\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)}+\frac{2n}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)\(=\frac{2\left(n+1\right)+2n}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{2n+2+2n}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{4n+2}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}+\frac{-2}{n+1}=\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}+\frac{-2n}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)\(=\frac{1+\left(-2n\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1-2n}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(1^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(1^2-1+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1^2+1+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(2^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(2^2-2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(2^2+2+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(3^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(3^2-3+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(3^2+3+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(4^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(4^2-4+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(4^2+4+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(20+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
...
\(19^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(19^2-19+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(19^2+19+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(342+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(20^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(20^2-20+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(20^2+20+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(420+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{\left(1^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(3^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(5^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(19^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}{\left(2^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(4^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(6^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(20^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(342+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right)}{\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(20+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(420+\frac{1}{2}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{420+\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{841}\)
\(\text{ Bài giải }\)
\(a,\text{ }\frac{7n}{15}\text{ và }\frac{20}{39}\)
\(BCNN\left(15,39\right)=195\)
\(\frac{7n}{15}=\frac{7n\cdot13}{15\cdot13}=\frac{91n}{195}\) \(\frac{20}{39}=\frac{20\cdot5}{39\cdot5}=\frac{100}{195}\)
\(b,\text{ }\frac{14}{41}\text{ và }\frac{17n}{54}\)
\(BCNN\left(41,54\right)=2214\)
\(\frac{14}{41}=\frac{14\cdot54}{41\cdot54}=\frac{756}{2214}\) \(\frac{17n}{54}=\frac{17n\cdot41}{54\cdot41}=\frac{697n}{2214}\)
\(\left(-2\right).\left(-1\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(-1\frac{1}{3}\right).....\left(-1\frac{1}{2013}\right)\)
\(=\left(-2\right).\left(\frac{-3}{2}\right)\left(-\frac{4}{3}\right)......\left(\frac{-2014}{2013}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(-2\right).\left(-3\right).\left(-4\right)....\left(-2014\right)}{2.3.....2013}\)
\(=\frac{2.3.4....2014\left(\text{Vì có 2014 thừa số âm }\right)}{2.3....2013}\)
\(=\frac{\left(2.3.4....2013\right).2014}{2.3....2013}\)
\(=2014\)
Bài này bạn chỉ cần chuyển vế biến đổi thôi là được , mình làm mẫu câu 2) :
\(\frac{a^2}{m}+\frac{b^2}{n}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{m+n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2n+b^2m}{mn}-\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{m+n}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(a^2n+b^2m\right)-\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right).mn}{mn\left(m+n\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2mn+\left(bm\right)^2+\left(an\right)^2+b^2mn-a^2mn-2abmn-b^2mn}{mn\left(m+n\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(bm-an\right)^2}{mn\left(m+n\right)}\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow bm=an\)
Câu 3) áp dụng câu 2) để chứng minh dễ dàng hơn, ghép cặp 2 .
a) \(\frac{\left(n+1\right)!}{n!\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{n!\left(n+1\right)}{n!\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{n+1}{n+2}\)
b)\(\frac{n!}{\left(n+1\right)!-n!}=\frac{n!}{n!\left(n+1\right)-n!}=\frac{n!}{n!\left(n+1-1\right)}=\frac{1}{n}\)
c)\(\frac{\left(n+1\right)!-\left(n+2\right)!}{\left(n+1\right)!+\left(n+2\right)!}=\frac{n!\left(n+1\right)-n!\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{n!\left(n+1\right)+n!\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{n!\left(n+1\right)\left(1-n-2\right)}{n!\left(n+1\right)\left(1+n+2\right)}=\frac{-n-1}{n+3}\)
( Kí hiệu n!=1.2.3.4...n)
\(a,\)\(\frac{2}{n}\)và \(\frac{2}{n+1}\)
Có : \(\frac{2}{n}=\frac{2\left(n+1\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\frac{2}{n+1}=\frac{2n}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
Vậy ta có : \(\frac{2\left(n+1\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)và \(\frac{2n}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(b,\)\(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)và \(\frac{-2}{n+1}\)
Có : \(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\frac{-2}{n+1}=\frac{-2n}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
Vậy ta có : \(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)và \(\frac{-2n}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)