tìm nghiệp nguyên dương của phương trình
\(\left(x^3+y^3\right)+4\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4\left(x+y\right)=16xy\\\)
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\(pt=\left(x^3-4x^2+4x\right)+\left(y^3-4y^2+4y\right)+\left(8x^2+8y^2-16xy\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)^2+y\left(y-2\right)^2+8\left(x-y\right)^2=0\left(1\right)\)
Do \(x\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0,y\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0,8\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) =>x=y=2
Ta có \(VP=y\left(y+3\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(y+2\right)\)
\(VP=\left(y^2+3y\right)\left(y^2+3y+2\right)\)
\(VP=\left(y^2+3y+1\right)^2-1\)
\(VP=t^2-1\) (với \(t=y^2+3y+1\ge0\))
pt đã cho trở thành:
\(x^2=t^2-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-x^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-x\right)\left(t+x\right)=1\)
Ta xét các TH:
\(t-x\) | 1 | -1 |
\(t+x\) | 1 | -1 |
\(t\) | 1 | -1 |
\(x\) | 0 |
0 |
Xét TH \(\left(t,x\right)=\left(1,0\right)\) thì \(y^2+3y+1=1\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=0\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\) (thử lại thỏa)
Xét TH \(\left(t,x\right)=\left(-1;0\right)\) thì \(y^2+3y+1=-1\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) (thử lại thỏa).
Vậy các bộ số nguyên (x; y) thỏa mãn bài toán là \(\left(0;y\right)\) với \(y\in\left\{-1;-2;-3;-4\right\}\)
\(\left(x-1\right)^2=y\left(y-1\right)\left(y-2\right)\left(y-3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y^2-3y\right)\left(y^2-3y+2\right)=\left(x-1\right)^2\)
Đặt \(y^2-3y=t\):
\(t\left(t+2\right)=\left(x-1\right)^2\Leftrightarrow t^2+2t=\left(x-1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t+1\right)^2-1=\left(x-1\right)^2\Rightarrow\left(t+1-x+1\right)\left(t+1+x-1\right)=1\)
Auto giải nốt.
a:
ĐKXĐ: \(x\notin\left\{\dfrac{3}{2};1\right\}\)
\(y=\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2}{\left(2x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{x^2-4x+4}{2x^2-2x-3x+3}\)
=>\(y=\dfrac{x^2-4x+4}{2x^2-5x+3}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{\left(x^2-4x+4\right)'\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)'}{\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{\left(2x-4\right)\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)-\left(2x-5\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)}{\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{4x^3-10x^2+6x-8x^2+20x-12-2x^3+8x^2-8x+5x^2-20x+20}{\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{2x^3-5x^2-2x+8}{\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)^2}\)
b:
ĐKXĐ: x<>-3
\(y=\left(x+3\right)+\dfrac{4}{x+3}\)
=>\(y'=\left(x+3+\dfrac{4}{x+3}\right)'=1+\left(\dfrac{4}{x+3}\right)'\)
\(=1+\dfrac{4'\left(x+3\right)-4\left(x+3\right)'}{\left(x+3\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=1+\dfrac{-4}{\left(x+3\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)^2-4}{\left(x+3\right)^2}\)
y'=0
=>\(\left(x+3\right)^2-4=0\)
=>\(\left(x+3+2\right)\left(x+3-2\right)=0\)
=>(x+5)(x+1)=0
=>x=-5 hoặc x=-1
c:
ĐKXĐ: x<>-2
\(y=\dfrac{\left(5x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{x+2}\)
=>\(y=\dfrac{5x^2+5x-x-1}{x+2}=\dfrac{5x^2+4x-1}{x+2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{\left(5x^2+4x-1\right)'\left(x+2\right)-\left(5x^2+4x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)'}{\left(x+2\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{\left(5x+4\right)\left(x+2\right)-\left(5x^2+4x-1\right)}{\left(x+2\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{5x^2+10x+4x+8-5x^2-4x+1}{\left(x+2\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{10x+9}{\left(x+2\right)^2}\)
\(y'\left(-1\right)=\dfrac{10\cdot\left(-1\right)+9}{\left(-1+2\right)^2}=\dfrac{-1}{1}=-1\)
d:
ĐKXĐ: x<>2
\(y=x-2+\dfrac{9}{x-2}\)
=>\(y'=\left(x-2+\dfrac{9}{x-2}\right)'=1+\left(\dfrac{9}{x-2}\right)'\)
\(=1+\dfrac{9'\left(x-2\right)-9\left(x-2\right)'}{\left(x-2\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=1+\dfrac{-9}{\left(x-2\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2-9}{\left(x-2\right)^2}\)
y'=0
=>\(\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2-9}{\left(x-2\right)^2}=0\)
=>\(\left(x-2\right)^2-9=0\)
=>(x-2-3)(x-2+3)=0
=>(x-5)(x+1)=0
=>x=5 hoặc x=-1
Ta có \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
Và \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
( dấu '=' xảy ra khi a=b)
Áp dụng các bđt trên ta có
\(x^3+y^3+4\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4\left(x+y\right)=x^3+y^3+4x^2+4y^2+4x+4y=x^3+4x^2+4x+y^3+4y^2+4y=x\left(x^2+4x+4\right)+y\left(y^2+4y+4\right)=x\left(x+2\right)^2+y\left(y+2\right)^2\ge x.8x+y.8y=8\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge8.2xy=16xy\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+4\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4\left(x+y\right)\ge16\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=y=2
Vậy (x;y)=(2;2)
thanks bạn nha