Hòa tan hoàn toàn 11,9 gam gồm Al và Zn bằng một lượng vừa đủ 500ml dung dịch HCl 1,6M. Dung dịch sau phản ứng chỉ chứa hai muối.
a) Tính thể tích khí thoát ra ở đktc
b) Tính tổng khối lượng chất tan trong dung dịch
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a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,8}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2-->0,6---->0,2----->0,3
=> VH2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,8-0,6\right).36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mchất tan = 26,7 + 7,3 = 34 (g)
c) mdd sau pư = 5,4 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 204,8 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13,04\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7,3}{204,8}.100\%=3,56\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72L\\ m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,2=26,7g\\ m_{\text{dd}}=5,4+200-\left(0,3.2\right)=204,8g\\ C\%=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13\%\)
a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=200.14,6\%=29,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 19,5 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 218,9 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{218,9}.100\%\approx3,33\%\\C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{218,9}.100\%\approx18,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a)n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3mol\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6}{100.36,5}=0,8mol\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{2}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\\ b)m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8g\\ c)n_{HCl.pư}=0,3.2=0,6mol\\ C_{\%ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{200+19,5-0,3.2}\cdot100=18,64\%\\ C_{\%HCl.dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,8-0,6\right).36,5}{200+19,5-0,3.2}\cdot100=3,33\%\)
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,576}{22,4}=0,115\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95a+133,5b=10,475\\a+1,5b=0,115\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,04.24}{0,04.24+0,05.27}.100\approx41,558\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx58,442\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,115=0,23\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,23.36,5}{100}.100=8,395\%\)
Chọn đáp án B
nH2 = nCuO = 0,4 (mol)
BTNT H: nHCl = 2nH2 = 0,8 (mol)
BTKL: mmuối = mAl+Zn + mCl- = 11,9 + 0,8.35,5 = 40,3 (g)
a. \(m_{Al.pứ}=15-9,6=5,4\left(g\right)\)
b. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4.100\%}{15}=36\%\\\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{9,6.100\%}{15}=64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c. \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đkc\right)}=0,3.24,79=7,437\left(l\right)\)
d. \(\%m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5.100\%}{15+200-9,6}=13\%\)
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b, \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,3}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
a)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2-->0,4----->0,2--->0,2
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
b) mHCl = 0,4.36,5 = 14,6 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{7,3}=200\left(g\right)\)
c)
mdd sau pư = 13 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 212,6 (g)
mZnCl2 = 0,2.136 = 27,2 (g)
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{27,2}{212,6}.100\%=12,8\%\)
a) \(n_{HCl}=0,5.1,6=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: x 2x x x
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Mol: y 3y y 1,5y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+27y=11,9\\2x+3y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,1+1,5.0,2\right).22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
b, \(m_{muối}=0,1.136+0,2.133,5=40,3\left(g\right)\)