Cho biểu thức \(P=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}....\frac{399}{400}.\)Chứng tỏ rằng\(P< \frac{1}{20}\)
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Đặt \(Q=\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}.....\frac{400}{401}\)
Áp dụng tính chất \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+m}{b+m}\left(a,b,m\inℕ^∗\right)\)ta có
\(\frac{1}{2}< \frac{1+1}{2+1}=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\frac{2}{3}< \frac{2+1}{3+1}=\frac{3}{4}\)
...
\(\frac{399}{400}< \frac{399+1}{400+1}=\frac{400}{401}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}.....\frac{399}{400}< \frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}.....\frac{400}{401}\)
hay P < Q
=> \(P^2< P.Q\)
\(P^2< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}.....\frac{399}{400}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}.....\frac{400}{401}\)
\(P^2< \frac{1.2.3.4.....400}{2.3.4.5.....401}\)
\(P^2< \frac{1}{401}< \frac{1}{400}< \left(\frac{1}{20}\right)^2\)
Vì P và 1/20 có cùng dấu
\(\Rightarrow P< \frac{1}{20}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{399}{400}\)
\(\Rightarrow P< \frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{400}{401}\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{5}{6}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{399}{400}.\frac{400}{401}\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2< \frac{1}{401}< \frac{1}{400}=\frac{1}{20^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P< \frac{1}{20}\)
P=1/2.3/4.5/6.....399/400
=>P<2/3.4/5......400/401
=>P2<1/2.2/3.3/4......398/399.399/400.400/401
=1/401<1/400=(1/20)2
=>P<1/20
\(P=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{5}{6}......\frac{399}{400}\)
\(P=\frac{1.3.4.5....399}{2.4.5.6.....400}\)
\(P=\frac{1.3}{2.400}\)
\(P=\frac{3}{800}\)
Vì \(\frac{3}{800}< \frac{40}{800}\)
\(\Rightarrow P< \frac{40}{800}\)
\(\Rightarrow P< \frac{1}{20}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{201}>\frac{1}{400}\)
\(\frac{1}{202}>\frac{1}{400}\)
\(\frac{1}{203}>\frac{1}{400}\)
.................
\(\frac{1}{399}>\frac{1}{400}\)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{201}+\frac{1}{202}+\frac{1}{203}+...+\frac{1}{399}>\frac{1}{400}+\frac{1}{400}+\frac{1}{400}+...+\frac{1}{400}\)(199 số hạng \(\frac{1}{400}\))
⇒ \(\frac{1}{201}+\frac{1}{202}+\frac{1}{203}+...+\frac{1}{399}+\frac{1}{400}>\frac{1}{400}+\frac{1}{400}+\frac{1}{400}+...+\frac{1}{400}\)(200 số hạng \(\frac{1}{400}\)) = 200.\(\frac{1}{400}\)=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
⇒ A > \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy A > \(\frac{1}{2}\) (ĐPCM)
A=(1-\(\frac{1}{4}\))+(1-\(\frac{1}{9}\))+(1-\(\frac{1}{16}\))+...+(1-\(\frac{1}{400}\)).
A=19-(\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{20^2}\))
Ta thấy \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{20^2}<\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{19.20}\)
=\(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}=1-\frac{1}{20}<1\)
=>A>19-1=18(đpcm)
c)\(A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+....+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
\(2A=2\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+.....+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\)
\(2A=2+1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+.....+\frac{1}{2^{2011}}\)
\(2A-A=\left(2+1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+....+\frac{1}{2^{2011}}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+....\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\)
\(A=2-\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
1/
A=1/1-1/2+1/2-1/3+1/3-1/4+...+1/99-1/100
A=1/1-1/100
Vì 1/100>0
-->1/1-1/100<1
-->A<1