cho n là số tự nhiên, cmr
\(\left[\frac{n+2}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{n+4}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{n-1}{2}\right]=n\)
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vì bài dài quá nên mình làm từng bài 1 nhé
1. Ta thấy : \(\frac{1}{n^3}< \frac{1}{n^3-n}=\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-1\right)}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]\)
Do đó :
\(B< \frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{12}\)
2.
Nhận xét : \(1+\frac{1}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)
Do đó :
\(A=\frac{2^2}{1.3}.\frac{3^2}{2.4}.\frac{4^2}{3.5}...\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{1.2...n}.\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{3.4...\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{n+1}{1}.\frac{2}{n+2}< 2\)
a) x4+x3+2x2+x+1=(x4+x3+x2)+(x2+x+1)=x2(x2+x+1)+(x2+x+1)=(x2+x+1)(x2+1)
b)a3+b3+c3-3abc=a3+3ab(a+b)+b3+c3 -(3ab(a+b)+3abc)=(a+b)3+c3-3ab(a+b+c)
=(a+b+c)((a+b)2-(a+b)c+c2)-3ab(a+b+c)=(a+b+c)(a2+2ab+b2-ac-ab+c2-3ab)=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-ac-bc)
c)Đặt x-y=a;y-z=b;z-x=c
a+b+c=x-y-z+z-x=o
đưa về như bài b
d)nhóm 2 hạng tử đầu lại và 2hangj tử sau lại để 2 hạng tử sau ở trong ngoặc sau đó áp dụng hằng đẳng thức dề tính sau đó dặt nhân tử chung
e)x2(y-z)+y2(z-x)+z2(x-y)=x2(y-z)-y2((y-z)+(x-y))+z2(x-y)
=x2(y-z)-y2(y-z)-y2(x-y)+z2(x-y)=(y-z)(x2-y2)-(x-y)(y2-z2)=(y-z)(x2-2y2+xy+xz+yz)
Đặt A = \(\left(1+\frac{2}{4}\right).\left(1+\frac{2}{10}\right).\left(1+\frac{2}{18}\right).....\left(1+\frac{2}{n^2+3n}\right)\)
Ta có : A = \(\left(1+\frac{2}{4}\right).\left(1+\frac{2}{10}\right).\left(1+\frac{2}{18}\right).....\left(1+\frac{2}{n^2+3n}\right)\)
= \(\frac{6}{4}.\frac{12}{10}.\frac{20}{18}.....\frac{\left(n+1\right).\left(n+2\right)}{n.\left(n+3\right)}\)
= \(\frac{3.2}{4}.\frac{3.4}{2.5}.\frac{4.5}{3.6}.....\frac{\left(n+1\right).\left(n+2\right)}{n.\left(n+3\right)}\)
= \(\frac{3.2.3.4.4.5....n}{2.3.4.5.6.....\left(n+2\right)}\)
= \(\frac{3.\left(n+1\right)}{n+2}\)
Vậy A = \(\frac{3.\left(n+1\right)}{n+2}\)
Ta có:
\(1^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(1^2-1+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1^2+1+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(2^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(2^2-2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(2^2+2+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(3^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(3^2-3+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(3^2+3+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(4^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(4^2-4+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(4^2+4+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(20+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
...
\(19^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(19^2-19+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(19^2+19+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(342+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(20^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(20^2-20+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(20^2+20+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(420+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{\left(1^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(3^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(5^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(19^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}{\left(2^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(4^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(6^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(20^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(342+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right)}{\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(20+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(420+\frac{1}{2}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{420+\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{841}\)
Tính ra A là 2-(1/2)^2013. Phần còn lại thì quá dễ r
(Để tính A từ dãy trên ta nhân 2 lên thành 2A. Rồi lấy 2A-A=A=...)
\(A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+..............+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=2+1+\frac{1}{2}+.......+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2013}\Rightarrow2A-A=A=2-\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2013}\)
\(VI:A+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^n=2\Rightarrow n=2013\)
Áp dụng tính chất với mọi \(n\in N\) ta có \(\left[n+x\right]=n+\left[x\right]\)
Với \(k\in N\)
- Xét \(n=4k\):
\(\left[\frac{4k+2}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{4k+4}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{4k-1}{2}\right]=\left[k+\frac{1}{2}\right]+\left[k+1\right]+\left[2k-\frac{1}{2}\right]\)
\(=k+\left[\frac{1}{2}\right]+k+1+2k+\left[\frac{-1}{2}\right]=k+k+1+2k-1=4k=n\)
- Với \(n=4k+1\)
\(\left[\frac{4k+3}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{4k+5}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{4k}{2}\right]=\left[k+\frac{3}{4}\right]+\left[k+1+\frac{1}{4}\right]+\left[2k\right]\)
\(=k+\left[\frac{3}{4}\right]+k+1+\left[\frac{1}{4}\right]+2k=4k+1=n\)
- Với \(n=4k+2\)
\(\left[\frac{4k+4}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{4k+6}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{4k+1}{2}\right]=\left[k+1\right]+\left[k+1+\frac{1}{2}\right]+\left[2k+\frac{1}{2}\right]\)
\(=k+1+k+1+\left[\frac{1}{2}\right]+2k+\left[\frac{1}{2}\right]=4k+2=n\)
- Với \(n=4k+3\)
\(\left[\frac{4k+5}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{4k+7}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{4k+2}{2}\right]=\left[k+1+\frac{1}{4}\right]+\left[k+1+\frac{3}{4}\right]+\left[2k+1\right]\)
\(=k+1+k+1+2k+1=4k+3=n\)
Vậy \(\left[\frac{n+2}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{n+4}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{n-1}{2}\right]=n\)
//Cách chia trường hợp này hơi dài, k biết có cách nào tốt hơn ko nữa