cho n là số nguyên dương cmr:
\(\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+.....+\frac{1}{3n+1}>1\)
cho các số dương a,b,c thỏa mãn:
abc=ab+bc+ca
cmr: \(\frac{1}{a+2b+3c}+\frac{1}{2a+3b+c}+\frac{1}{3a+2c+b}< \frac{3}{16}\)
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Ta CM BĐT phụ sau: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}},a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)( co si với a,b>0)
Suy ra \(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge4\RightarrowĐPCM\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1\right)\)
a/Áp dụng (1) có
\(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\left(2\right)\).Tương tự ta cũng có:
\(\frac{1}{b+c+2a}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\left(3\right),\frac{1}{c+a+2b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\left(4\right)\)
Cộng (2),(3) và (4) có \(VT\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(6+6\right)=3\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
b/Áp dụng (1) có:
\(\frac{1}{3a+3b+2c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b+2c\right)+2\left(a+b\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right)\left(5\right)\)
Tương tự có: \(\frac{1}{3a+2b+3c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c+2b}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)\left(6\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\left(7\right)\)
Cộng (5),(6) và (7) có:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}+\frac{1}{a+c+2b}+\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\right)\le\frac{1}{4}.9=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ối,không ngờ đề gắt ~v
Theo Cô si,ta có: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\ge\frac{3}{\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Suy ra \(\frac{1}{x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào,ta có: \(\frac{1}{a+2b+3c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự và cộng theo vế:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{9}\left[\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left[3\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\right]=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
Lại có BĐT \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào,ta có: \(VT\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{12}\left[2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\right]=\frac{1}{6}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Nhân abc vào mỗi vế : \(VT.abc\le\frac{1}{6}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\frac{abc}{6}\)
Chia cả hai vế cho abc (vì a,b,c dương nên abc khác 0): \(VT\le\frac{1}{6}< \frac{3}{16}\)(đpcm)
Cũng không biết đúng hay sai nữa :v
\(abc=ab+bc+ca\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a+2b+3c}=\frac{1}{a+b+b+c+c+c}\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{2a+3b+c}\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{3}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\frac{1}{3a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{6}{a}+\frac{6}{b}+\frac{6}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{6}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{6}< \frac{3}{16}\)
Lời giải:
Từ \(ab+bc+ac=3abc\Rightarrow \frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=3\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)(a+b+b+c+c+c)\geq (1+1+1+1+1+1)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\geq \frac{36}{a+2b+3c}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{3}{a}\geq \frac{36}{b+2c+3a}\)
\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{2}{a}+\frac{3}{b}\geq \frac{36}{c+2a+3b}\)
Cộng các BĐT vừa thu được ở trên theo vế và rút gọn:
\(\frac{6}{a}+\frac{6}{b}+\frac{6}{c}\geq \frac{36}{a+2b+3c}+\frac{36}{b+2c+3a}+\frac{36}{c+2a+3b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 6\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\geq 36F\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 18\geq 36F\Leftrightarrow F\leq \frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(F_{\max}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Svác xơ ngược ta có
\(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}=\frac{1}{a+b+a+c+2\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{2}{b+c}\right)\)
tương tự mấy cái kia rồi cộng vào
Theo BĐT Bunyakovsky, ta có: \(\frac{7}{2a+b+c}=\frac{7^2}{7\left(2a+b+c\right)}=\frac{\left(2+1+4\right)^2}{2\left(a+3b\right)+\left(b+3c\right)+4\left(c+3a\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{2^2}{2\left(a+3b\right)}+\frac{1^2}{\left(b+3c\right)}+\frac{4^2}{4\left(c+3a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{4}{c+3a}\)(1)
Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\frac{7}{2b+c+a}\le\frac{2}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{c+3a}+\frac{4}{a+3b}\)(2); \(\frac{7}{2c+a+b}\le\frac{2}{c+3a}+\frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{4}{b+3c}\)(3)
Cộng theo từng vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được:
\(7\left(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2b+c+a}+\frac{1}{2c+a+b}\right)\le7\left(\frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{c+3a}\right)\)
hay \(\frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{c+3a}\ge\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{b+2c+a}+\frac{1}{c+2a+b}\left(q.e.d\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
Áp dụng bđt 1/a+1/b >= 4/a+b
Xét 1/a+3b + 1/b+2c+a >= 4/2a+4b+2c = 2/a+2b+c
Tương tự : 1/b+3c + 1/c+2a+b >= 4/2a+2b+4c = 2/a+b+2c
1/c+3a + 1/a+2b+c >= 4/4a+2b+2c = 2/2a+b+c
=> VT + VP >= 2VP
=> VT >= VP ( ĐPCM)
k mk nha
Áp dụng BĐT Svarxơ:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{4}{2b}+\dfrac{9}{3c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+2b+3c}\)\(=\dfrac{36}{a+2b+3c}\)
CMTT: \(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{36}{2a+3b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{36}{3a+b+2c}\)
Cộng vế theo vế, ta có: \(6\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge36\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=36F\)
Có: \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)
Vì a,b,c>0 nên chia cả 2 vế cho abc:
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow36F\le18\Leftrightarrow F\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy Fmin\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)