Cho a, b, c là các số dương thỏa mãn abc=1. Tìm min của : \(P=\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
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Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}.\dfrac{a^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) ( AM-GM cho 5 số ) (*)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}.\dfrac{b^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (**)
\(\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}.\dfrac{c^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (***)
Cộng (*),(**),(***) vế theo vế ta được:
\(P+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow P+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\)
Mà: \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\) ( AM-GM 3 số )
Từ đây: \(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{15}{2}-2\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
1. \(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=2\left(c^3-d^3\right)+c^3+d^3=3c^3-d^3\) :D
Đặt \(P=\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(ca\right)^2}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}\) (BĐT B.C.S)
\(=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) \(\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{abbcca}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (do \(abc=1\)).
ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Bài này đã có ở đây:
Cho abc=1CMR\(\dfrac{a+3}{\left(a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b+3}{\left(b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c+3}{\left(c+1\right)^2}\ge3\) - Hoc24
\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(3-2a\right)\left(3-2b\right)\left(3-2c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-27\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{9}{a\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{3+abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b+a+c\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4\left(a^2+ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{2}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{4}{a^2}+\dfrac{4}{b^2}+\dfrac{4}{c^2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{16}.3=\dfrac{3}{16}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bđt: \(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)^2\right]\)\(\Rightarrow16P\le\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Áp dụng: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\left(2\right)\) với a+b=x,b+c=y,c+a=z
\(\Rightarrow16P\le\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\le4.16.\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\)(do (1))
\(\Rightarrow16P\le\dfrac{1}{4}.16\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2\right]=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{2}{bc}+\dfrac{2}{ca}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}.4.\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)=3\)(do(2) và \(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=3\))
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{3}{16}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và AM-GM:
$M=\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2})$
$\geq \frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2.\frac{4}{b^2+c^2}$
$=(\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2})+\frac{3a^2}{b^2+c^2}$
$\geq \sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}.\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}}+\frac{3(b^2+c^2)}{b^2+c^2}$
$=2+3=5$
Vậy $M_{\min}=5$
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(P=\frac{1}{a^3(b+c)}+\frac{1}{b^3(a+c)}+\frac{1}{c^3(a+b)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2}{a(b+c)}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{b(a+c)}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{c(a+b)}\)
\(\geq \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{a(b+c)+b(a+c)+c(a+b)}=\frac{(ab+bc+ac)^2}{2(ab+bc+ac)}=\frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\) (thay $1=abc$)
Mà theo BĐT AM-GM:
\(ab+bc+ac\geq 3\sqrt[3]{(abc)^2}=3\). Do đó:
\(P\geq \frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\geq \frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Cách khác:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{1}{a^3(b+c)}+\frac{a(b+c)}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^3(b+c)}.\frac{a(b+c)}{4}}=\frac{1}{a}=\frac{abc}{a}=bc\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{b^3(a+c)}+\frac{b(a+c)}{4}\geq ac\)
\(\frac{1}{c^3(a+b)}+\frac{c(a+b)}{4}\geq ab\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên ta có:
\(P+\frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\geq ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\geq \frac{3\sqrt[3]{(abc)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)