Cho 39,5g K2SO3 vào dung dịch có 14,6g HCl.
a, tính thể tích khí sinh ra ở đktc?
b, tính khối lượng chất tham gia phản ứng còn thừa trong dung dịch?
Biết: K2SO3+HCl\(\rightarrow\)KCl+H2O+SO2
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Câu 5 :
\(n_{K2SO3}=\dfrac{15,8}{158}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(K_2SO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+SO_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 2 1 1
0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2
a) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.2}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{7,3.100}{8}=91,25\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{KCl}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{KCl}=0,2.74,5=14,9\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=15,8+91,25-\left(0,1.64\right)=100,65\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{KCl}=\dfrac{14,9.100}{100,65}=14,80\)0/0
c) \(n_{SO2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{SO2\left(dktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
PTHH: \(K_2SO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O+SO_2\uparrow\)
a+b+c) Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KCl}=0,5\left(mol\right)=n_{HCl}\\n_{K_2SO_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K_2SO_3}=0,25\cdot158=39,5\left(g\right)=a\\m_{KCl}=0,5\cdot74,5=37,25\left(g\right)\\m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{10,95\%}\approx166,67\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{SO_2}=0,25\cdot64=16\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{K_2SO_3}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{SO_2}=190,17\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{37,25}{190,17}\cdot100\%\approx19,59\%\)
d) PTHH: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaOH}=n_{HCl}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{150.7,3\%}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ a,n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{6}.0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\ b,m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{6}.0,3=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
a) Gọi $n_{CO_2} = a(mol) ; n_{SO_2} = b(mol)$
Ta có :
$a + b = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(mol)$
$\dfrac{44a + 64b}{a + b} = 27.2$
Suy ra : a = b = 0,2$
$V_{CO_2} = V_{SO_2} = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)$
b) Theo PTHH : $n_{K_2SO_3} = n_{SO_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{K_2SO_3} = 0,2.158 = 31,6(gam)$
Gọi $n_{K_2CO_3} = x(mol) ; n_{Na_2CO_3} = y(mol)$
$\Rightarrow 138x + 106y + 31,6 = 56(1)$
$n_{CO_2} = x + y = 0,2(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : x = y = 0,1
$m_{K_2CO_3} = 0,1.138 = 13,8(gam) ; m_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,1.106 = 10,6(gam)$
\(a.Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b. số mol của 16,8 gam Fe:
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Khối lượng của HCl:
\(m_{HCl}=n.M=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
c.Thể tích khí Hiđro (đktc):
\(V_{H_2}=n.22,4=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{Na_2SO_3}=\dfrac{12,6}{126}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: Na2SO3 + 2HCl ---> 2NaCl + SO2 + H2O
Theo PT: \(n_{SO_2}=n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{SO_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(lít\right)\)
b. Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{SO_2}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{7,3}{150}.100\%=4,87\%\)
c. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{NaCl}}=n_{Na_2SO_{3_{PỨ}}}=50\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{NaCl}=0,2.58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{11,7}{50}.100\%=23,4\%\)
\(\text{a, }n_{K_2SO_3}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{39,5}{158}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\text{PTHH : }K_2SO_3+2HCL\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O+SO_2\)
\(\text{Trước pư : 0,25}\) \(\text{0,4}\)
\(\text{Trong pư : }\dfrac{0,25}{1}\) \(>\) \(\dfrac{0,4}{2}\)
\(\text{Sau pư : }\) \(0,1\) \(\text{0,2}\) \(0,1\)
\(V_{SO_2}=22,4.n=22,4.0,1=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(b,m_{HCl}\text{pư}=n.M=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}\text{dư}=14,6-7,3=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{K_2SO_3}=\dfrac{39,5}{158}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(K_2SO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O+SO_2\)
Theo PTHH ta có: \(\dfrac{0,25}{1}>\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\)
\(\Rightarrow K_2SO_3\) dư, HCl hết. Vậy ta tính theo \(n_{HCl}\)
Theo PT: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a. \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b. Theo PT ta có:
\(n_{K_2SO_3\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{0,4.1}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{K_2SO_3\left(dư\right)}=0,25-0,2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{K_2SO_3}=0,05.158=7,9\left(g\right)\)