Câu 1 lập pthh:
NaOH + Mg(NO\(_3\))\(_2\) --->Mg(OH)\(_2\) + NaNO\(_3\)
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a) CuSO4+Fe→FeSO4+Cu
b) ZnSO4+ 2NaOH→Na2SO4+ Zn(OH)2
c) HCl+AgNO3→AgCl+HNO3
d) BaSO3→ BaO+SO2
e)Na2CO3+Ca(NO3)2→ 2NaNO3+ CaCO3
Ca(H2PO4)2: muối axit: canxi đihiđrophotphat
NaHSO4: muối axit: natri hiđrosunfat
CaCO3: muối trung hòa: canxi cacbonat
Fe(OH)2: sắt (II) hiđroxit
Mg(NO3)2: muối trung hòa: magie nitrat
FeS: muối trung hòa: sắt (II) sunfua
NaCl: muối trung hòa: natri clorua
BaCl2: muối trung hòa: bari clorua
CuSO4: muối trung hòa: đồng (II) sunfat
Cu(HSO4)2: muối axit: đồng (II) hiđrosunfat
Cu(H2PO4)2: muối axit: đồng (II) đihiđrophotphat
1.
\(2KClO_3\rightarrow2KCl+3O_2\)
\(4K+O_2\rightarrow2K_2O\)
\(K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\)
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2OSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(K_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow2KCl+BaSO_4\)
\(2KCl+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+Cl_2+H_2\)
2.
\(Cu+H_2SO_{4_{dac}}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)
\(CuSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow CuCl_2+BaSO_4\)
\(CuCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\)
\(Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2NaOH\rightarrow NaNO_3+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CuO+H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)
3.
\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)
\(Al_2O_2+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Al_2O_3+H_2O\)
\(2Al_2O_3\rightarrow4Al+3O_2\)
\(2Al+2NaOH+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2\)
4.
\(C+O_2\rightarrow CO_2\)
\(CO_2+C\rightarrow2CO\)
\(2CO+O_2\rightarrow2CO_2\)
\(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_2\)
\(NaHCO_3+NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
\(Na_2CO_3+CaCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+CaCO_3\)
\(CaCO_3\rightarrow CaO+CO_2\)
5.
\(Cl_2+H_2\rightarrow2HCl\)
\(4HCl+MnO_2\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
\(Cl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO+H_2O\)
\(2NaC+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+Cl_2+H_2\)
\(Cl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO+H_2O\)
Viết PTHH biễu diễn chỗi biến hóa:
1) 2KClO3 -->2KCl+3O2
O2+4K-->2K2O
K2O+H2O-->2KOH
2KOH+H2SO4-->K2SO4+2H2O
K2SO4+BaCl2-->2KCl+BaSO4
2KCl-->Cl2+2K
2) Cu+FeSO4-->CuSO4+Fe
CuSO4+BaCl2-->CuCl2+BaSO4
CuCl2+2AgNO3-->Cu(NO3)2+2AgCl
Cu(NO3)+2NaOH-->Cu(OH)2+2NaNO3
Cu(OH)2-->CuO+H2O
2CuO-->2Cu+O2
3)4Al+3O2-->2Al2O3
Al2O3+6HCl-->2AlCl3+3H2O
2AlCl3+6NaOH-->2Al(OH)3+6NaCl
2Al(OH)3-->Al2O3+3H2O
2Al2O3-->4Al+3O2
2Al+2H2O+2NaOH-->2NaAlO2+3H2
4)C+O2-->CO2
CO2+C-->2CO
2CO+O2---->2CO2-
CO2+NaOH----->NaHCO3
2NaHCO3-->Na2CO3+H2O+CO2
Na2CO3+CaCl2-->CaCO3+2NaCl
CaCO3-->CO2+CaO
5)Cl2+H2-->2HCL
2HCl-->Cl2+H2
Cl2+2Na-->2NaCl
2NaCl-->Cl2+2Na
Cl2+2NaOH-->NaClO+NaCl+H2O
a) 4Al+3O2--->2Al2O3
Al2O3+6HCl--->2AlCl3+3H2O
2AlCl3+ 3H2SO4--->Al2(SO4)3+6HCl
Al2(SO4)3+6NaOH----> 2Al(OH)3+3Na2SO4
b) FeCl2+2 NaOH--->Fe(OH)2+2NaCl
Fe(OH)2---->FeO+H2O
FeO+H2-->Fe+H2O
Fe+Cl2---->FeCl2
2FeCl2+Cl2--->2FeCl3
FeCl3+3NaOH--->Fe(OH)3+3NaOH
2Fe(OH)3---->Fe2O3+3H2O
Fe2(SO4)3+3HNO3---->Fe(NO3)3+3H2SO4
1. \(6NaOH+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3Na_2SO_4\)
2. \(Mg+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+2Ag\)
3.\(4Na+O_2\rightarrow2Na_2O\)
4.\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
chúc bn học tốt
1. 6NaOH + Fe2(SO4)3 ➝ 2Fe(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4
2. Mg + 2AgNO3 ➝ Mg(NO3)2 + 2Ag
3. 4Na + O2 \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) 2Na2O
4. 2Al + 6HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2AlCl3 + 3H2
\(1) Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3H_2O\\ Fe_3O_4 + 4H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 3Fe + 4H_2O \text{Theo PTHH }\\ n_{H_2O} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9(mol)\\ \text{Bảo toàn khối lượng : }\\ a = m_{hh} + m_{H_2} - m_{H_2O} = 65,4 + 0,9.2 - 0,9.18 = 51(gam)\)
2)
\(n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b ; n_{Fe} = c\\ \Rightarrow 24a + 27b + 56c = 18,6(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{14,56}{22,4}=0,65(2)\\ 2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ 3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{7,84}{22,4} = 0,35\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a + b + c}{0,5a + 0,75b + \dfrac{2}{3}c} = \dfrac{0,55}{0,35}(3)\\ (1)(2)(3) \Rightarrow a = 0,2 ; b = 0,2 ; c= 0,15\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,2.24}{18,6}.100\% = 25,81\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{18,6}.100\% = 29,03\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 25,81\% -29,03\% = 45,16\%\)
\(a,\%Na=\dfrac{23}{85}.100\%=27,06\%\\ \%N=\dfrac{14}{85}.100\%=16,47\%\\ \%O=100\%-27,06\%-16,47\%=56,47\%\\ b,\%Al=\dfrac{54}{234}.100\%=27,1\%\\ \%C=\dfrac{36}{234}.100\%=15,4\%\\ \%O=100\%-27,1\%-15,4\%=57,5\%\)
\(c,\%N=\dfrac{28}{79}.100\%=35,4\%\\ \%H=\dfrac{4}{79}.100\%=5,1\%\\ \%O=100\%-35,4\%-5,1\%=59,5\%\)
\(M_{NaNO_3}=23+14+16.3=85\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{23.100\%}{85}=27\%\\ \%m_N=\dfrac{14.100\%}{85}=16,47\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_O=100\%-\left(16,47\%+27\%\right)=56,53\)
\(2NaOH+Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaNO_3\)
pthh 2NaOH+Mg(NO3)2→Mg(OH)2↓+2NaNO3