Tính khối lượng dung dịch của hỗn hợp gồm KOH 10% và Ca(OH)2 5% phản ứng với 100ml dd HCl 3M
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Đặt :
nFe = x mol
nMgO = y mol
mX = 56x + 40y = 13.6 (g) (1)
Fe + 2HCl => FeCl2 + H2
x____________x
MgO + 2HCl => MgCl2 + H2O
y______________y
mM = mFeCl2 + mMgCl2 = 127x + 95y = 31.7 (2)
(1) , (2) :
x = 0.1
y = 0.2
%Fe = 5.6/13.6 * 100% = 41.17%
%MgO = 58.82%
nKOH = 0.1 * 0.2 = 0.02 (mol)
KOH + HCl => KCl + H2O
0.02____0.02
nHCl (pư) = 2nFe + 2nMgO = 0.1*2 + 0.2*2 = 0.6 (mol)
nHCl = 0.02 + 0.6 = 0.62 (mol)
VddHCl = 0.62/0.5 = 1.24 (M)
Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=n_{Fe}\left(mol\right)\\y=n_{Al}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sum m_{hh}=11\left(g\right)\Rightarrow56x+27y=11\left(1\right)\)
\(PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....x\rightarrow..2x........x......x\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....y\rightarrow..3y.........y......1,5y\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4\left(2\right)\)
\(\xrightarrow[\left(2\right)]{\left(1\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,1}{11}=51\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=49\%\)
b) \(\sum m_{ctHCl}=\left(2.0,1+3.0,2\right).36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100\%}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{H_2\uparrow}=\left(1.0,1+1,5.0,2\right).2=0,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2\uparrow}=11+292-0,8=302,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{302,2}.100=4,2\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{302,2}.100=8,8\%\)
Đặt: {x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol){x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol)
∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)
PTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5yPTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5y
nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)
(1)−→(2){x=0,1y=0,2→(2)(1){x=0,1y=0,2
a) %mFe=56.0,111=51%%mFe=56.0,111=51%
→%mAl=49%→%mAl=49%
b) ∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)
mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)
c) mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)
mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)
Gọi nFe = a (mol); nMg = b (mol)
56a + 24b = 8 (1)
nH2 = 4,48/22,4 = 0,2 (mol)
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
a ---> a ---> a ---> a
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
b ---> b ---> b ---> b
a + b = 0,2 (2)
(1)(2) => a = b = 0,1 (mol)
mFe = 0,1 . 56 = 5,6 (g)
%mFe = 5,6/8 = 70%
%mMg = 100% - 70% = 30%
nHCl = 0,1 . 2 + 0,1 . 2 = 0,4 (mol)
CMddHCl = 0,4/0,1 = 4M