Cho a + b + c = 2 . Tìm Min , Max của A=a2 + b2 + c2
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P≤√a2+2√aab+2b2+√b2+2√2bc+2c2+√c2+2√2ca+2a2P≤a2+2aab+2b2+b2+22bc+2c2+c2+22ca+2a2
P≤√(a+√2b)2+√(b+√2c)2+√(c+√2a)2P≤(a+2b)2+(b+2c)2+(c+2a)2
P≤(1+√2)(a+b+c)=1+√2P≤(1+2)(a+b+c)=1+2
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi (a;b;c)=(0;0;1)(a;b;c)=(0;0;1) và các hoán vị
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và AM-GM:
$M=\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2})$
$\geq \frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2.\frac{4}{b^2+c^2}$
$=(\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2})+\frac{3a^2}{b^2+c^2}$
$\geq \sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}.\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}}+\frac{3(b^2+c^2)}{b^2+c^2}$
$=2+3=5$
Vậy $M_{\min}=5$
áp dụng BDT AM-GM
\(=>a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\)
\(=>1\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}=>1\ge27\left(abc\right)^2\)\(=>27\left(abc\right)^2\le1=>3\left(abc\right)^2\le\dfrac{1}{9}=>\left(abc\right)^2\le\dfrac{1}{27}=>abc\le\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=>\dfrac{8}{9abc}\ge\dfrac{8}{9.\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{3}}}=\dfrac{8\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(S=a+b+c+\dfrac{1}{abc}=a+b+c+\dfrac{1}{9abc}+\dfrac{8}{9abc}\)
\(=>a+b+c+\dfrac{1}{9abc}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{9}}=\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=>S\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\)
dấu"=" xyar ra<=>a=b=c=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Các bn mà cop thì nhớ giải thích giúp mik đoạn \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\) với
a) Áp dụng Cauchy Schwars ta có:
\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
b) \(N=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b+1}+\frac{9}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=1
Ta có: a+b+c=0
nên a+b=-c
Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-c^2\)
\(=a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=a^2-\left[\left(b+c\right)^2-2bc\right]\)
\(=a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2+2bc\)
\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+2bc\)
\(=2bc\)
Ta có: \(b^2-c^2-a^2\)
\(=b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)\)
\(=b^2-\left[\left(c+a\right)^2-2ca\right]\)
\(=b^2-\left(c+a\right)^2+2ca\)
\(=\left(b-c-a\right)\left(b+c+a\right)+2ca\)
\(=2ac\)
Ta có: \(c^2-a^2-b^2\)
\(=c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(=c^2-\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right]\)
\(=c^2-\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab\)
\(=\left(c-a-b\right)\left(c+a+b\right)+2ab\)
\(=2ab\)
Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-cb+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
Thay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\) vào biểu thức \(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\), ta được:
\(M=\dfrac{-3ab\left(a+b\right)}{2abc}=\dfrac{-3\left(a+b\right)}{2c}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(-c\right)}{2c}=\dfrac{3c}{2c}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy: \(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^2}{1}+\dfrac{b^2}{1}+\dfrac{c^2}{1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
vậy \(A_{min}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)