cho \(0\le x\le1\) cmr:\(-x^3+x^2\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
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Lời giải:
Áp dụng hệ quả BĐT AM-GM dạng \(abc\leq \left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^3\) thì với \(x\geq 0; 1-x\geq 0\) ta có:
\(-x^3+x^2=x^2(1-x)=4.\frac{x}{2}.\frac{x}{2}(1-x)\leq 4\left(\frac{\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x}{2}+1-x}{3}\right)^3=\frac{4}{27}\)
Mà \(\frac{4}{27}< \frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow -x^3+x^2< \frac{1}{4}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt[3]{x^2\left(2-2x\right)}\le\frac{x+x+2-2x}{3}=\frac{2}{3}.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2\left(2-2x\right)\le\frac{8}{27}\Leftrightarrow-x^3+x^2\le\frac{4}{27}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=2-2x\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{2}{3}\)
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Ta có:
\(-1\le x\le1;-1\le y\le1;-1\le z\le1\Leftrightarrow x^2;y^2;z^2\le1\) (1)
Trong 3 số \(x;y;z\)có ít nhất 2 số cùng dấu(giả xử là \(x;y\)) ta có: \(xy\ge0\Rightarrow2xy\ge0\)(2)
\(x^2+y^4+z^6=x^2+y^2.y^2+z^2.z^2.z^2\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)(3)
ta sẽ chứng minh:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\le2\) ta có:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\le x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy\)(từ (2) )
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\le\left(x+y\right)^2+z^2=\left(-z\right)^2+z^2=2z^2\le2\)(từ (1) )
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^4+z^6\le2\left(đpcm\right)\)(từ (3) )
Ta có:
−1≤x≤1;−1≤y≤1;−1≤z≤1⇔x2;y2;z2≤1 (1)
Trong 3 số x;y;zcó ít nhất 2 số cùng dấu(giả xử là x;y) ta có: xy≥0⇒2xy≥0(2)
x2+y4+z6=x2+y2.y2+z2.z2.z2≤x2+y2+z2(3)
ta sẽ chứng minh:
x2+y2+z2≤2 ta có:
x2+y2+z2≤x2+y2+z2+2xy(từ (2) )
⇒x2+y2+z2≤(x+y)2+z2=(−z)2+z2=2z2≤2(từ (1) )
⇒x2+y4+z6≤2(đpcm)(từ (3) )
..
BĐT bên trái rất đơn giản, chỉ cần áp dụng:
\(x^3+x^3+y^3\ge3x^2y\) ; tương tự và cộng lại và được
Ta chứng minh BĐT bên phải:
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4+2\ge2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{8}\left(x+y+z\right)^4\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{8}\left(x+y+z\right)^4=\dfrac{1}{8}\left[x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]^2\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{8}.4\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;1;1\right)\) và hoán vị
1.
\(-4\le\dfrac{x^2-2x-7}{x^2+1}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x-7\le x^2+1\\-4x^2-4\le x^2-2x-7\end{matrix}\right.\) (Do \(x^2+1>0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-4\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge1\\x\le-\dfrac{3}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge1\\-4\le x\le-\dfrac{3}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
2.
\(\dfrac{1}{13}\le\dfrac{x^2-2x-2}{x^2-5x+7}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-5x+7\le13x^2-26x-26\\x^2-2x-2\le x^2-5x+7\end{matrix}\right.\) (Do \(x^2-5x+7>0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\\x\le-1\end{matrix}\right.\\x\le3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{11}{4}\le x\le3\\x\le-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do \(x+y+z=0;-1\le x,y,z\le1\)
Suy ra : Trong 3 số x,y,z tồn tại hai số cùng dấu
Giả sử : \(x\ge0;y\ge0;z\le0\)
Từ : \(x+y+z=0\)\(\Rightarrow z=-x-y\)
\(x^2+y^4+z^6\le\left|x\right|+\left|y\right|+\left|z\right|=x+y-z=-2z\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^4+z^6\le-2z\le2\)
Vậy : \(x^2+y^4+z^6\le2\)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)
\(3\sqrt[]{x-1}+m\sqrt[]{x+1}=2\sqrt[4]{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt[]{\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}}+m=2\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}}=t\Rightarrow0\le t< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow3t^2+m=2t\Leftrightarrow-3t^2+2t=m\)
Xét \(f\left(t\right)=-3t^2+2t\) trên \([0;1)\)
\(f'\left(t\right)=-6t+2=0\Rightarrow t=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(f\left(0\right)=0;f\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3};f\left(1\right)=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow-1< f\left(t\right)\le\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow-1< m\le\dfrac{1}{3}\)