cho a+b+c=0
rút gọn A= (a3+ca2)+(b3+cb2) - abc
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Sửa đề: \(P=ab^2+bc^2+ca^2+abc\le\dfrac{4}{27}\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a=mid\left\{a;b;c\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-a\right)\left(a-c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+ac\ge a^2+bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ca^2+bc^2\le abc+ac^2\)
Do đó:
\(ab^2+abc+ca^2+bc^2\le ab^2+abc+abc+ac^2=a\left(b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2}.2a\left(b+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\le\dfrac{1}{54}\left(2a+2b+2c\right)^3=\dfrac{4}{27}\)
\(5,M=a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\\ M=\left(a+b\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-3ab\right]\\ M=1\left(1-3ab\right)=1-3ab\ge1-\dfrac{3\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}=1-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ M_{min}=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Câu 5:
\(a+b=1\Rightarrow a=1-b\)
\(M=a^3+b^3=\left(1-b\right)^3+b^3=1-3b+3b^2-b^3+b^3\)
\(=1-3b+3b^2=3\left(b^2-b+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}=3\left(b-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(minM=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Câu 7:
\(a^3+b^3+abc\ge ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+abc-ab\left(a+b+c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3-a^2b-ab^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-b\right)-b^2\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)(đúng do a,b dương)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
5.
Với mọi a;b ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2\ge a^2+b^2+2ab\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(M=a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)=a^2+b^2-ab\)
\(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(M_{min}=\dfrac{1}{4}\) khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
6.
Do \(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)=2>0\)
Mà \(a^2-ab+b^2>0\Rightarrow a+b>0\)
Mặt khác với mọi a;b ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Rightarrow ab\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\) \(\Rightarrow-ab\ge-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
Từ đó:
\(2=a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^3-3.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3\le8\Rightarrow a+b\le2\)
\(N_{max}=2\) khi \(a=b=1\)
\(2,\\ a,a^3+b^3=a^3=3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3a^2b-3ab^2\\ =\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\\ b,a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\\ =\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\\ =\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\\ =\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ac-ab-bc\right)\)
\(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\left(a^3+ca^2\right)+\left(b^2+cb^2\right)-abc\)
\(=a^2\left(a+c\right)+b^2\left(b+c\right)-abc\)
\(=a^2.\left(-b\right)+b^2.\left(-a\right)-abc\)
\(=-a^2b-ab^2-abc\)
\(=-ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)