Cho 3 số thực x, y, z khác 0 thỏa mãn x +y +z =1. Và \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\). Tính giá trị của biểu thức M=\(x^{2018}+y^{2018}+z^{2018}\)
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Theo đề bài để tồn tại phân số: \(\frac{1}{x+y+z}\) ta có: \(x+y+z\ne0\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{y+z+1}{x}=\frac{x+z+2}{y}=\frac{x+y-3}{z}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+y+z}=2\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=\frac{1}{2}-z\\y+z=\frac{1}{2}-x\\z+x=\frac{1}{2}-y\end{cases}}\)
Thay vào đề bài ta có: \(\frac{\frac{1}{2}-x+1}{x}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}-y+2}{y}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}-z-3}{z}=2\)
Dễ dàng tìm được x;y;z rồi thay vào b thức
Sử dụng bất đẳng thức:
\(x^3+y^3\ge3xy\left(x+y\right)\)
Có: \(M=2018\left(\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}+\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+1}+\frac{1}{z^3+x^3+1}\right)\)
\(M\le2018\left(\frac{xyz}{xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz}+\frac{xyz}{yz\left(y+z\right)+xyz}+\frac{xyz}{xz\left(x+z\right)+xyz}\right)\)
\(M\le2018\left(\frac{xyz}{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{xyz}{yz\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{xyz}{xz\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)\)
\(M\le2018\left(\frac{x+y+z}{x+y+z}\right)=2018\)
Vậy Max M=2018 khi x=y=z=1
\(\dfrac{y+z-x}{x}=\dfrac{z+x-y}{y}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{z}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{y+z-x}{x}+2=\dfrac{z+x-y}{y}+2=\dfrac{x+y-z}{z}+2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z}{x}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{y}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{z}\\ \Rightarrow x=y=z\\ \Rightarrow A=\left(1+1\right).\left(1+1\right).\left(1+1\right)=8\)
Bài 1 :
Ta có :
\(x^7+\frac{1}{x^7}=\left(x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}\right)\left(x^4+\frac{1}{x^4}\right)-\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)=a\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2=a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+2.x.\frac{1}{x}=a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=a^2-2\)
\(x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}=\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(x^2-x.\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\)
\(=a\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}-1\right)=a\left(a^2-3\right)\)
\(x^4+\frac{1}{x^4}=\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)^2-2.x^2.\frac{1}{x^2}\)
\(=\left(a^2-2\right)^2-2=a^4-4a^2+4-2\)
\(=a^4-4a^2+2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^7+\frac{1}{x^7}=a.\left(a^2-3\right).\left(a^4-4a^2+2\right)-a\)
\(=\left(a^3-3a\right)\left(a^4-4a^2+2\right)-a\)
\(=a^7-4a^5+2a^3-3a^5+12a^3-6a-a\)
\(=a^7-7a^5+14a^3-7a\)
Bài 2 :
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=2^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{zx}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{zx}=\frac{2}{xy}-\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{2}{z^2}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{zx}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{2}{xz}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\) vì \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2,\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=-z\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{-z}+\frac{1}{-z}+\frac{1}{z}=2\Rightarrow-\frac{1}{z}=2\Rightarrow z=-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+2y+z=\frac{1}{2}+2.\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P=1\)
X3 + Y3 + Z3 = 3XYZ
<=> X3 + Y3 + Z3 - 3XYZ = 0
<=> ( X3 + Y3 ) + Z3 - 3XYZ = 0
<=> ( X + Y )3 - 3XY( X + Y ) + Z3 - 3XYZ = 0
<=> [ ( X + Y )3 + Z3 ] - 3XY( X + Y + Z ) = 0
<=> ( X + Y + Z )[ ( X + Y )2 - ( X + Y ).Z + Z2 - 3XY ] = 0
<=> ( X + Y + Z )( X2 + Y2 + Z2 - XY - YZ - XZ ) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}X+Y+Z=0\\X^2+Y^2+Z^2-XY-YZ-XZ=0\end{cases}}\)
+) X + Y + Z = 0 => \(\hept{\begin{cases}X+Y=-Z\\Y+Z=-X\\X+Z=-Y\end{cases}}\)
KHI ĐÓ : \(M=\left(1+\frac{X}{Y}\right)\left(1+\frac{Y}{Z}\right)\left(1+\frac{Z}{X}\right)=\left(\frac{X+Y}{Y}\right)\left(\frac{Y+Z}{Z}\right)\left(\frac{X+Z}{X}\right)=\frac{-Z}{Y}\cdot\frac{-X}{Z}\cdot\frac{-Y}{X}=-1\)
+) X2 + Y2 + Z2 - XY - YZ - XZ = 0
<=> 2( X2 + Y2 + Z2 - XY - YZ - XZ ) = 0
<=> 2X2 + 2Y2 + 2Z2 - 2XY - 2YZ - 2XZ = 0
<=> ( X2 - 2XY + Y2 ) + ( Y2 - 2YZ + Z2 ) + ( X2 - 2XZ + Z2 ) = 0
<=> ( X - Y )2 + ( Y - Z )2 + ( X - Z )2 = 0 (1)
DỄ DÀNG CHỨNG MINH (1) ≥ 0 ∀ X,Y,Z
DẤU "=" XẢY RA <=> X = Y = Z
KHI ĐÓ : \(M=\left(1+\frac{X}{Y}\right)\left(1+\frac{Y}{Z}\right)\left(1+\frac{Z}{X}\right)=\left(1+\frac{Y}{Y}\right)\left(1+\frac{Z}{Z}\right)\left(1+\frac{X}{X}\right)=2\cdot2\cdot2=8\)