Cho a,b,c >0 và a+b+c+ab+bc+ca = 6. Tìm GTNN: P=\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\)
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\(P=\dfrac{a^3}{b^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3a}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3b}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3c}{4}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{a^2+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{2}}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{b^2+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{2}}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+2\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+c^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{a^2+b^2+a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{a^2+b^2+b^2+c^2}\right)\)
Đặt \(\left(a^2+b^2;b^2+c^2;a^2+c^2\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+2\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}+2\left(\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\dfrac{y^2}{yz+xy}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz}\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{xy+yz+zx}=3+\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(P=\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\geq \frac{(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{ab+bc+ac}\)
Theo hệ quả của BĐT AM-GM ta luôn có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\geq ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{ab+bc+ac}\geq a^2+b^2+c^2\) (1)
Sử dụng những bđt rất quen thuộc sau:
\((a+b+c)^2\leq 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\Rightarrow a+b+c\leq \sqrt{3(a^2+b^2+c^2)}\)
\(ab+bc+ac\leq a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Cộng vào suy ra \(6\leq \sqrt{3(a^2+b^2+c^2)}+a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{3(a^2+b^2+c^2)}=t\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=\frac{t^2}{3}\)
Ta có \(6\leq t+\frac{t^2}{3}\Leftrightarrow t^2+3t-18\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (t+6)(t-3)\geq 0\)
Vì \(t>0\Rightarrow t+6>0\Rightarrow t-3\geq 0\Rightarrow t\geq 3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=\frac{t^2}{3}\geq 3(2)\)
Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow P\geq 3\Leftrightarrow P_{\min}=3\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có bdt sau : x^3/y + y^3/z + z^3/x >= (x+y+z)^3/3(x+y+z) (x,y,z>0)
CHứng minh = Holder
=> P >= (a+b+c)^3/3(a+b+c) = (a+b+c)^2/3
Ta có : 6=a+b+c+ab+bc+ca <= a+b+c + (a+b+c)^2/3 ,đặt t=a+b+c (t>0) quy đồng <=> t^2+3t >= 18 ,giải bpt => t>=3
Vậy P>=3^2/3=3
Bài 3:
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=3\ge ab+bc+ca\) ( tự cm bđt nha )
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Schwarz ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^3}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^3}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^4}{ab+bc}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^4}{ac+bc}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{9}{6}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Dấu " = " khi a = b = c = 1
Bài 4:
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab^2}{a^2+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab^2}{2ab}=a-\dfrac{b}{2}\)
( BĐT AM - GM )
Tương tự \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge b-\dfrac{c}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{a}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu " = " khi a = b = c
Tiếp sức cho Tú đệ
Bài 1: \(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(2ab-ab\right)=ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{ab}\ge\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{ab}=a+b\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(VT\ge VP."="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Bài 2: Holder:
\(\left(\dfrac{a^4}{bc^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{ca^2}+\dfrac{c^4}{ab^2}\right)\left(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ca}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}\right)\left(c+a+b\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)
Cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ca}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}\ge a+b+c\)
AM-GM: \(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ca}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{a}\cdot\dfrac{ca}{b}}=2c\)
Tương tự rồi cộng theo vế:
\("=" \Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
cho a,b,c>0 và a+b+c=3
CMR: \(\dfrac{a}{b^3+ab}+\dfrac{b}{c^3+bc}+\dfrac{c}{a^3+ca}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}=\dfrac{a^4}{ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc}+\dfrac{c^4}{ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ca\)
BĐT:\(a,b,c>0\Rightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\ne0\)
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}=\dfrac{a^4}{ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc}+\dfrac{c^4}{ac}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ac}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2}{ab+bc+ac}=ab+bc+ac\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(ab+bc+ac=abc\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\)
Xét \(a^4+b^4-(ab^3+a^3b)=(a-b)(a^3-b^3)\)
\(=(a-b)^2(a^2+ab+b^2)\geq 0\forall a,b> 0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4\geq ab^3+a^3b\)
\(\Rightarrow 2(a^4+b^4)\geq (a^3+b^3)(a+b)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^4+b^4}{ab(a^3+b^3)}\geq \frac{(a^3+b^3)(a+b)}{2ab(a^3+b^3)}=\frac{a+b}{2ab}=\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}\)
Thực hiện tương tự với các phân thức còn lại:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^4+b^4}{ab(a^3+b^3)}+\frac{b^4+c^4}{bc(b^3+c^3)}+\frac{c^4+a^4}{ca(c^3+a^3)}\geq \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
Ta có :
\(VT=\dfrac{a^3}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^3}{a+c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^4}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^4}{ac+bc}\)
Theo BĐT Cauchy ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^4}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^4}{ac+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)
Theo BĐT Cô - Si ta lại có : \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(P\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\right)\)
\(P\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\right)\)
\(P\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(\dfrac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}+\dfrac{7}{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\right)=30\)
\(P_{min}=30\) khi \(a=b=c\)
Theo Cô-si: \(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^4b}{b}}=2a^2\)
Tương tự có: \(\dfrac{b^3}{c}+bc\ge2b^2\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ac\ge2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) P + ab+bc+ca \(\ge\) 2 (a2+b2+c2)
Mà a2+b2+c2 \(\ge\) ab+bc+ca
\(\Rightarrow\) P+ ab+bc+ca \(\ge\) a2+b2+c2 +ab+bc+ca
\(\Leftrightarrow\) P \(\ge\) a2+b2+c2
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 3P \(\ge\) 2( a2+b2+c2)+( a2+b2+c2)
Có: a2+b2+c2 \(\ge\)ab+bc+ca
\(\Rightarrow\)3P\(\ge\) 2(ab+bc+ca) + a2+ 1 +b2 +1+ c2 +1 -3
Lại có: a2+1\(\ge\) 2a ; b2+1\(\ge\) 2b ; c2+a\(\ge\) 2c
\(\Rightarrow\) 3P \(\ge\) 2(ab+bc+ca) +2a+2b+2c - 3
\(\Leftrightarrow\)3P\(\ge\) 2(ab+bc+ca +a+b+c) -3 = 2.6-3=9
\(\Leftrightarrow\)P\(\ge\)3
Vậy Pmin = 3
Dấu "=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\) a=b=c=1
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