Cho các số thực dương thoả mãn:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{b+2}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{c+2}\)\(\ge1\). CMR: \(a+b+c\ge ab+bc+ca\)
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\(\dfrac{2}{a+2}+\dfrac{2}{b+2}+\dfrac{2}{c+2}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{a+2}-1+\dfrac{2}{b+2}-1+\dfrac{2}{c+2}-1\ge2-3\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{a}{a+2}+\dfrac{b}{b+2}+\dfrac{c}{c+2}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2a}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2b}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+2a+b^2+2b+c^2+2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) đpcm
Phía trên thoả mãn \(\ge1\) chứ không phải 3/2 đâu ạ
Đặt\(P=\dfrac{a}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+a^2+}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Bổ đề: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\) (1)
Chứng minh bổ đề: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\sqrt[3]{abc.\dfrac{1}{abc}}=9\left(\forall a,b,c\ge0\right)\)
Kết hợp điều kiện đề bài ta được: \(a+b+c\ge3\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{ab^2}{2\sqrt{b^2}}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\) ( AM-GM cho 2 số không âm 1 và b^2 )
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Chứng minh hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\dfrac{bc}{2}\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{ca}{2}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng (1),(2),(3) vế theo vế thu được: \(P\ge a+b+c=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại a=b=c=1
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{y}{x};\dfrac{z}{y};\dfrac{x}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{y}{x}\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{z}{y}\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{x}{z}\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+1\right)}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(a^2+b^2+1)(1+1+c^2)\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}\leq \frac{c^2+2}{(a+b+c)^2}$
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:
$\text{VT}\leq \frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}{(a+b+c)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)}\leq \frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2.3}=1$
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
1.
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{2}{3}\), không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là b và c
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)
Mặt khác \(0\le a\le1\Rightarrow1-a\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(1-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{2b}{3}+\dfrac{2c}{3}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge-\dfrac{2a}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}=-\dfrac{2a}{9}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{8}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{4ab}{3}-\dfrac{4ac}{3}-2bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{ab}{3}-\dfrac{ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(b+c\right)-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(2-a\right)-\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{a^2}{3}-\dfrac{2a}{3}-\dfrac{\left(2-a\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge\dfrac{a^2}{12}-\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{7}{9}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(a-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{20}{27}\ge\dfrac{20}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge2abc+\dfrac{20}{27}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Bất đẳng thức sai, chẳng hạn với \(a=b=10^{-4};c=0,5-a-b\).
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+1}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2}{1}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2}{2x+1+1}=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+1}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{2y+1}+\dfrac{1}{9}\ge\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{1}{y+1}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{2z+1}+\dfrac{1}{9}\ge\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{1}{z+1}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT+\dfrac{1}{3}\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}\ge1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{a+2}+\dfrac{2}{b+2}+\dfrac{2}{c+2}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+2}+\dfrac{b}{b+2}+\dfrac{c}{c+2}\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2a}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2b}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2c}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) đpcm
\(3=ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\Rightarrow abc\le1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(ab+ac\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(3-bc\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+3a-abc}=\dfrac{1}{3a+\left(1-abc\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{3a}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{3a}+\dfrac{1}{3b}+\dfrac{1}{3c}=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3abc}=\dfrac{3}{3abc}=\dfrac{1}{abc}\)