Cho hai số thực x, y thay đổi thõa mãn \(log_{\sqrt{3}}\dfrac{x+y}{x^2+y^2+xy+2}=x\left(x-3\right)+y\left(y-3\right)+xy\)
Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức \(P=\dfrac{x+2y+3}{x+y+6}\)
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\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+20=\dfrac{5\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+3\right)}{xy}\ge\dfrac{5\left(x+y\right)2\sqrt{3xy}}{xy}=10\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}\right)\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}=t\ge2\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=t^2-2\)
\(\Rightarrow6\left(t^2-2\right)+20\ge10\sqrt{3}t\)
\(\Rightarrow3t^2-5\sqrt{3}t+4\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{3}t-1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}t-4\right)\ge0\)
Do \(t\ge2\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}t-1>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}t-4\ge0\Rightarrow t\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2\ge\dfrac{16}{3}\Rightarrow t^2-2\ge\dfrac{10}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\ge\dfrac{10}{3}\) (do \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=t^2-2\))
Vậy \(A_{min}=\dfrac{10}{3}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;3\right);\left(3;1\right)\)
\(gt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}+z\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left[x.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2}+y.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2}+z.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2yz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2xz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\) (bunhia)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=9\)
Thấy : \(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)>0\)
CMTT : \(\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+z\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left[x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{5}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=\sqrt{xyz}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Mặt khác : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\)
\(A=\dfrac{2\left(x^3+y^3\right)}{\left(x^4+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^4\right)}=2.\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)}{x^4y^4+x^2y^2+x^6+y^6}\)
\(=2.\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)}{1+1+x^6+y^6}=2.\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x^6+y^6+2x^3y^3}=2.\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}=\dfrac{2}{x^3+y^3}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+1\ge3\sqrt{xy.1}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3\ge2\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x^3+y^3}\le1\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow A\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=1.
Vậy MaxA là 1, đạt được khi x=y=1.
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho cặp số dương \(\dfrac{1}{\left(z+x\right)};\dfrac{1}{\left(z+y\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(z+x\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[]{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt[]{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\le\dfrac{2xy}{z+x}+\dfrac{2xy}{z+y}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta được
\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt[]{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}\le\dfrac{2zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{2zx}{y+x}\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt[]{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{2yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{2yz}{x+z}\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\) ta được :
\(P=\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt[]{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt[]{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}+\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt[]{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\le\dfrac{2yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{2yz}{x+z}+\dfrac{2zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{2zx}{y+x}+\dfrac{2xy}{z+x}+\dfrac{2xy}{z+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le2\left(x+y+z\right)=2.3=6\)
\(\Rightarrow GTLN\left(P\right)=6\left(tạix=y=z=1\right)\)
tag ko co thong bao de mai t nghien cuu
Bài này cái khó là sử lý điều kiện thôi nên t làm phần đó thôi nhé.
Từ điều kiện suy ra được.
log\(\sqrt{3}\)(3x + 3y) + (3x + 3y) = log\(\sqrt{3}\)(x2 + y2 + xy + 2) + (x2 + y2 + xy + 2)
Dễ thấy hàm số f(t) = log\(\sqrt{3}\)(t) + t đồng biến trên (0; +\(\infty\)) nên
=> 3x + 3y = x2 + y2 + xy + 2