1) Cho x,y >0 và \(x^4+y^4=2\) CMR \(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}\ge2\)
2) Cho x,y,z và \(x^2+y^2+z^2=3 \) CMR \(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}\ge3\)
m.n giúp mình vs ạ ,cảm ơn nhìu
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Bài 1:
a)
\(2\text{VT}=\sum \frac{2bc}{a^2+2bc}=\sum (1-\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc})=3-\sum \frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\sum \frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{a^2+2bc+b^2+2ac+c^2+2ab}=\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{(a+b+c)^2}=1\)
Do đó: \(2\text{VT}\leq 3-1\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq 1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
b)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\text{VT}=\sum \frac{ab^2}{a^2+2b^2+c^2}=\sum \frac{ab^2}{\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}+\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}+\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}+b^2}\leq \sum \frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{9ab^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{ab^2}{b^2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{16}.\frac{9(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{a+b+c}{16}(1)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(3(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)\leq (a^2+b^2+c^2)(a+b+c)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{16}.\frac{9(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)}{a^2+b^2+c^2)}\leq \frac{3}{16}(a+b+c)(2)\)
Từ $(1);(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{4}$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Lý giải xíu chỗ $3(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)\leq (a^2+b^2+c^2)(a+b+c)$ cho bạn nào chưa rõ:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$(a^2+b^2+c^2)(a+b+c)=(a^3+ac^2)+(b^3+a^2b)+(c^3+b^2c)+(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)$
$\geq 2a^2c+2ab^2+2bc^2+(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)=3(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)$
Ta chứng minh \(\frac{x^4+y^4}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2}}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+xz+yz=3\)
\(P=\frac{1+x^2}{1+y+z^2}+\frac{1+y^2}{1+z+x^2}+\frac{1+z^2}{1+x+y^2}\ge\frac{1+x^2}{1+\frac{y^2+1}{2}+z^2}+\frac{1+y^2}{1+\frac{z^2+1}{2}+x^2}+\frac{1+z^2}{1+\frac{x^2+1}{2}+y^2}\)
\(P\ge\frac{2\left(1+x^2\right)}{3+y^2+2z^2}+\frac{2\left(1+y^2\right)}{3+z^2+2x^2}+\frac{2\left(1+z^2\right)}{3+x^2+2y^2}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3+y^2+2z^2=a\\3+z^2+2x^2=b\\3+x^2+2y^2=c\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+x^2=\frac{c+4b-2a}{9}\\1+y^2=\frac{a+4c-2b}{9}\\1+z^2=\frac{b+4a-2c}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\) với \(a;b;c\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{2\left(c+4b-2a\right)}{9a}+\frac{2\left(a+4c-2b\right)}{9b}+\frac{2\left(b+4a-2c\right)}{9c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}\right)+\frac{8}{9}\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)-\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{2}{9}.3+\frac{8}{9}.3-\frac{4}{3}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\) hay \(x=y=z=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy :
\(\frac{x^4}{y^2\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y^2}{2x}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^4\cdot y^2\cdot\left(x+z\right)}{y^2\cdot\left(x+z\right)\cdot2x\cdot4}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{8}}=\frac{3x}{2}\)
Tương tự ta cũng có :
\(\frac{y^4}{z^2\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z^2}{2y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge\frac{3y}{2}\)
\(\frac{z^4}{x^2\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{x^2}{2z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge\frac{3z}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế ta được :
\(VT+\left(\frac{y^2}{2x}+\frac{z^2}{2y}+\frac{x^2}{2z}\right)+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{4}\ge\frac{3x}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}+\frac{3z}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y^2}{x}+\frac{z^2}{y}+\frac{x^2}{z}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z}+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
\(\frac{xy\sqrt{z-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+yz\sqrt{x-3}}{xyz}\\ =\frac{xy\sqrt{z-1}}{xyz}+\frac{xz\sqrt{y-2}}{xyz}+\frac{yz\sqrt{x-3}}{xyz}\\ =\frac{\sqrt{z-1}}{z}+\frac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{x-3}}{x}\\ =\frac{2\sqrt{z-1}}{2z}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{y-2}}{2\sqrt{2}y}+\frac{2\sqrt{3}\sqrt{x-3}}{2\sqrt{3}x}\)
Áp dụng BDT Cô-si với 2 số không âm:
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2\sqrt{z-1}}{2z}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{y-2}}{2\sqrt{2}y}+\frac{2\sqrt{3}\sqrt{x-3}}{2\sqrt{3}x}\\ \le\frac{1+\left(z-1\right)}{2z}+\frac{2+\left(y-2\right)}{2\sqrt{2}y}+\frac{3+\left(x-3\right)}{2\sqrt{3}x}\\ =\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z-1=1\\y-2=2\\x-3=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z=2\\y=4\\x=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy.......
Đặt \(A=\frac{xy\sqrt{z-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+yz\sqrt{x-3}}{xyz}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\sqrt{z-1}}{z}+\frac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{x-3}}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{2.\sqrt{z-1}}{2z}+\frac{2.\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{y-2}}{2.\sqrt{2}.y}+\frac{2.\sqrt{3}.\sqrt{x-3}}{2.\sqrt{3}.x}\)\
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{z-1+1}{2z}+\frac{y-2+2}{2\sqrt{2}.y}+\frac{z-3+3}{2\sqrt{3}.x}\) ( ÁP DỤNG BĐT CÔ-SI )
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{z}{2z}+\frac{y}{2\sqrt{2}.y}+\frac{z}{2\sqrt{3}.z}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}\)
\(\frac{x}{1+x^2}=\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{\frac{1}{x^2}+1}=\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}}=\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{xyz}{xy\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)zx\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)}=\frac{xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
Tương tự, ta cũng có: \(\frac{2y}{1+y^2}=\frac{2xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)\(;\)\(\frac{3z}{1+z^2}=\frac{3xyz}{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(VT=\frac{xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{2xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{3xyz}{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(=\frac{xyz\left(y+z\right)+2xyz\left(z+x\right)+3xyz\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{xyz\left(5x+4y+3z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\) ( đpcm )
Câu 1, Quy đồng mẫu của 2 về lấy MTC là (x-y)(y-z)(z-x).
Câu 2, Chỉ có thể xảy ra khi a+b+c=x+y+z=x/a+y/b+z/c=0