Cho x,y,z>0 . Cm : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{16}{x+y+z}\)
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\(VT=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Dâu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
\(\sum\dfrac{1}{x}\cdot\sum\dfrac{x}{y^2}\ge\sum^2\dfrac{1}{x}\)(bunhia)
Lời giải:
Ta có: \(xy+yz+xz=3xyz\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=3\)
Mà theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Do đó: \(3\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq 3\)
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Ta có: \(\text{VT}=x-\frac{xz}{x^2+z}+y-\frac{xy}{y^2+x}+z-\frac{yz}{z^2+y}\)
\(=(x+y+z)-\left(\frac{xy}{y^2+x}+\frac{yz}{z^2+y}+\frac{xz}{x^2+z}\right)\)
\(\geq x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{xy}{\sqrt{xy^2}}+\frac{yz}{\sqrt{z^2y}}+\frac{xz}{\sqrt{x^2z}}\right)\) (AM-GM)
\(=x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z})\)
Tiếp tục AM-GM: \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\leq \frac{x+1}{2}+\frac{y+1}{2}+\frac{z+1}{2}=\frac{x+y+z+3}{2}\)
Suy ra:
\(\text{VT}\geq x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{x+y+z+3}{2}=\frac{3}{4}(x+y+z)-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\geq \frac{9}{4}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\left ( \frac{x}{y},\frac{y}{z},\frac{z}{x} \right )=(a,b,c)\Rightarrow abc=1\)
Bài toán tương đương với: Cho \(a,b,c>0\) và \(abc=1\). CMR
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\geq a+b+c\)
Thật vậy.
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(a+b+c\geq 3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\sqrt[3]{1}=3(1)\)
Theo hệ quả của BĐT Am-Gm:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\geq ab+bc+ac\Rightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}\)
Kết hợp với \((1)\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\geq a+b+c\)
Do đó ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)=\dfrac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge\dfrac{3}{xyz}\)
\(x+y+z=\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}+\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{3}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{3}{xyz}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}\right)+\dfrac{2}{xyz}=\dfrac{3}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{2}{xyz}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(dấu"="xảy\) \(ra\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Lời giải:Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
$\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\leq \frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)$
$\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\leq \frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)$
$\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\leq \frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{z}\right)$
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn thì:
$\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)$
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}\) ( sửa đề )
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge9\)
Ta sẽ CM BĐT trên đúng bằng sử dụng Cô - Si , ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}.\dfrac{y}{x}}=2\\\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{z}.\dfrac{z}{y}}=2\\\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{z}.\dfrac{z}{x}}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm.\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
Sửa đề như Linh :3
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{3^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}\)