phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) x^3-6x^2+11x-6
b) x^3-19x-30
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a) \(x^2-x-2=x^2+x-2x-2=x\left(x+1\right)-2\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
a) \(x^2-x-2=x^2-2x+x-2=x\left(x-2\right)+\left(x-2\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
b) \(x^3-19x-30==x^3+2x^2-2x^2-4x-15x-30=x^2\left(x+2\right)-2x\left(x+2\right)-15\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+2x-15\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+5\right)\)
c) \(x^3-6x^2+11x-6=x^3-x^2-5x^2+5x+6x-6=x^2\left(x-1\right)-5x\left(x-1\right)+6\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\)
\(x^2-x-6=x^2+2x-3x-6=x\left(x+2\right)-3\left(x+2\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
\(x^3-19x-30=x^3+6x-25x-30=x\left(x^2-25\right)+6x-30=x\left(x^2-25\right)+6\left(x-5\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)+6\left(x-5\right)=\left(x-5\right)\left[\left(x\right)\left(x+5\right)+6\right]\)
\(x^3+6x^2+11x+6=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(x^3+6x^2+11x+6=x^3+x^2+5x^2+5x+6x+6\)
\(=x^2\left(x+1\right)+5x\left(x+1\right)+6\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+3x+6\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left[x\left(x+2\right)+3\left(x+2\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
đặt y=x2+1
=>y2=(x2+1)2
y2=x4+2x2+1
đặt P(x)=x^4+6x^3+11x^2+6x+1
=x4+2x2+1+6x3+6x+9x2
=x4+2x+1+6x(x2+1)+9x2
thay y2=x4+2x2+1 và y=x2+1 ta được
Q(y)=y2+6xy+9x2
=(y+3x)2
thay y=x2+1 ta được:
(x2+3x+1)2
vậy x^4+6x^3+11x^2+6x+1=(x2+3x+1)2
x3+6x2+11x+6 = x3+6x2+12x-x+8-2 = (x3+6x2+12x+8) - (x+2) = (x+2)3 - (x+2) = (x+2)[(x+2)2 - 1] = (x+2)(x+2-1)(x+2+1) = (x+2)(x+1)(x+3)
a,
\(x^3-6x^2+11x-6=x^3-x^2-5x^2+5x+6x-6\)
\(=x^2\left(x-1\right)-5x\left(x-1\right)+6\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-2x-3x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left[x\left(x-2\right)-3\left(x-2\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\)
b,
\(x^3-19x-30=x^3-5x^2+5x^2-25x+6x-30\)
\(=x^2\left(x-5\right)+5x\left(x-5\right)-6\left(x-5\right)\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)\left(x^2-6x+x-6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)\left[x\left(x-6\right)+\left(x-6\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-6\right)\)