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\(a/ Mg+H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4+H_2\\ b/ n_{Mg}=\frac{3,6}{24}=0,15(mol)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,168(mol)\\ b/\\ Mg \text{ hết}; H_2SO_4 \text{ dư}\\ n_{H_2SO_4(dư)}=0,168-0,15=0,018(mol)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=0,018.98=1,764(g)\\ c/\\ n_{MgSO_4}=0,15(mol)\\ m_{MgSO_4}=0,15.120=18(g)\\ d/\\ n_{H_2}=0,15\\ V=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)\)
a) $2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
b) $n_{Al} = 0,45(mol) ; n_{H_2SO_4} =\dfrac{219}{980} (mol)$
Ta thấy :
$n_{Al} : 2 > n_{H_2SO_4} : 3$ nên Al dư
Theo PTHH :
$n_{Al\ pư} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{73}{490} (mol)$
$m_{Al\ dư} = 12,15 - \dfrac{73}{490}.27 = 8,127(gam)$
c) $n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{73}{930}(mol)$
$m_{muối} = \dfrac{73}{930}.342 = 25,48(gam)$
d) $V_{H_2} = \dfrac{219}{980}.22,4 = 5(lít)$
Hình như đề sai
a,\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{12,15}{27}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=109,5.20\%=21,9\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{21,9}{98}=0,2235\left(mol\right)\)
a) $Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
b)
Theo PTHH : $n_{Mg} = n_{MgSO_4} = n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,14.1,2 = 0,168(mol)$
$m_{Mg} = 0,168.24 = 4,032(gam)$
$m_{MgSO_4} = 0,168.120 = 20,16(gam)$
c)
$n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,168(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,168.22,4=3,7632(lít)$
a) PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)=n_{MgCl_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=0,15\cdot95=14,25\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,3\cdot36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,15\cdot2=0,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Mg}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=53,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=50\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{10,95}{50}\cdot100\%=21,9\%\)
a) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
0,25 0,5 0,5 0,5
Xét tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,5}{2}\) => Zn dư , HCl đủ
b) \(m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,3-0,25\right).65=3,25\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,25.136=34\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ a,Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\b, Vì:\dfrac{0,5}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow Zndư\\ n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,3-\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,05.65=3,25\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,25.136=34\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
\(a) Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2\\ n_{Zn} = \dfrac{13}{65} = 0,2 < n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{200.24,5\%}{98} = 0,5 \to H_2SO_4\ dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4\ pư} =n_{Zn} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = (0,5 - 0,2).98 = 29,4(gam)\\ c) n_{FeSO_4} = n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{FeSO_4} = 0,2.152 = 30,4(gam)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)\)
nZn=19,5/65=0,3(mol)
mHCl=18,25/36,5=0,5(mol)
pt: Zn+2HCl--->ZnCl2+H2
1______2
0,3_____0,5
Ta có: 0,3/1>0,5/2
=>Zn dư
mZn dư=0,05.65=3,25(mol)
Theo pt: nH2=1/2nHCl=1/2.0,5=0,25(mol)
=>VH2=0,25.22,4=5,6(l)
nZn = 0,3 mol
nHCl = 0,5 mol
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Đặt tỉ lệ ta có
0,3 < \(\dfrac{0,52}{2}\)
⇒ Zn dư và dư 3,25 gam
⇒ VH2 = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6 (l)
\(nAl=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(nHCl=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
2 6 2 3 (mol)
0,2 0,6 0,2 0,3 (mol)
LTL : 0,3 / 2 > 0,6/6
=> Al dư sau pứ , HCl đủ vs pứ
\(mAl_{\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).27=2,7\left(g\right)\)
\(mAlCl_3=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(H_2+CuO\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)
1 1 1 1 (mol)
0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 (mol)
=> \(mCu=0,3.64=19,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\
n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,6}{6}\)
=> Al dư HCl hết
theo pthh : \(n_{Al\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al\left(d\right)}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).27=2,7\left(g\right)\)
theo pthh : \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\)
theo pthh : \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
pthh: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}H_2O+Cu\)
0,3 0,3
\(m_{Cu}=0,3.64=19,2\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{2,3}{23}=0,1mol\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{47,8}{18}=2,65mol\)
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
0,1 < 2,65 ( mol )
0,1 0,1 0,05 ( mol )
\(m_{NaOH}=0,1.40=4g\)
\(m_{ddspứ}=2,3+47,8-0,05.2=50g\)
\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{4}{50}.100=8\%\)
a. PTHH: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
b. Có \(n_{Mg}=\frac{3,6}{24}=0,15mol\)
\(140ml=0,14l\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,14.1,2=0,168mol\)
Lập tỉ lệ \(\frac{n_{Mg}}{1}< \frac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\)
Vậy Mg đủ, \(H_2SO_4\) dư
Theo phương trình \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,15mol\)
\(\rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{(dư)}\right)}=0,168-0,15=0,018mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{(dư)}\right)}n.M=0,018.98=1,764g\)
c. MgSO\(_4\) là muối
Theo phương trình \(n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,15mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{\text{muối}}=m_{MgSO_4}=n.M=0,15.120=18g\)
d. \(H_2\) là khí
Theo phương trình \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,15mol\)
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2\left(ĐKTC\right)}=n.22,4=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)