Cho biểu thức \(A=\frac{1}{3+2a+b+ab}+\frac{1}{3+2b+c+bc}+\frac{1}{3+2c+a+ac}\) .Biết \(a,b,c\) là các số thực làm cho $A$ xác định và \(ab+bc+ac+a+b+c+abc=0\).Tính gía trị của A.
Mn giúp mk với, mk đang cần gấp lắm sắp thi hsg rồi.
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Ta có: \(ab+bc+ac=abc+a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-abc+bc-b+ac-a-c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-abc+bc-b+ac-a+1-c=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(1-c\right)+b\left(c-1\right)+a\left(c-1\right)+\left(1-c\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(1-c\right)-b\left(1-c\right)-a\left(1-c\right)+\left(1-c\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-c\right)\left(ab-b-a+1\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)=1\)
Ta có thể đặt x=1-a ; y=1-b; z=1-c => xyz=1
Nhưng trong đẳng thức cần chứng minh theo x;y;z
=> Thế: a=1-x; b=1-y; c=1-z vào được:
\(\frac{1}{3+ab-\left(2a+b\right)}=\frac{1}{3+\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)-2\left(1-x\right)-\left(1-y\right)}=\frac{1}{1+x+xy}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{3+bc-\left(2b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{3+\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)-2\left(1-y\right)-\left(1-z\right)}=\frac{1}{1+y+yz}\)
\(\frac{1}{3+ac-\left(2c+a\right)}=\frac{1}{3+\left(1-x\right)\left(1-z\right)-2\left(1-z\right)-\left(1-x\right)}=\frac{1}{1+z+zx}\)
Theo giả thiết xuz=1
=> \(VT=\frac{1}{1+x+xy}+\frac{1}{1+y+yz}+\frac{1}{1+z+zx}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1+x+xy}+\frac{x}{x+xy+xyz}+\frac{xy}{xy+xyz+x^2yz}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1+x+xy}+\frac{x}{x+xy+1}+\frac{xy}{xy+1+x}\)
\(=\frac{1+x+xy}{1+x+xy}=1=VP\)
Trước hết ta chứng minh bài toán quen thuộc:
Cho \(abc=1\) thì \(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+c+1}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}=1\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+c+abc}+\frac{b}{abc+ab+b}=\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{c\left(b+1+ab\right)}+\frac{b}{1+ab+b}\)
\(=\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{ab}{b+1+ab}+\frac{b}{1+ab+b}=\frac{1+ab+b}{ab+b+1}=1\)
\(P=\sum\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}=\sum\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+b^2+1+2}\le\sum\frac{1}{2ab+2b+2}=\frac{1}{2}\sum\frac{1}{ab+b+1}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=\frac{1}{2}\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(P=\sum\frac{1}{a^2+1+2\left(b^2+1\right)}\le\sum\frac{1}{2a+4b}=\frac{1}{2}\sum\frac{1}{a+b+b}\le\frac{1}{18}\sum\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{18}\left(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{6}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{1}{6}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=\frac{1}{2}\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
GT => (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)=(a+1)+(b+1)+(c+1)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{a+1}=x,\frac{1}{1+b}=y,\frac{1}{c+1}=z\), ta cần tìm min của\(\frac{x}{x^2+1}+\frac{y}{y^2+1}+\frac{z}{z^2+1}\)với xy+yz+zx=1
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(z+x\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)Mà (x+y)(y+z)(z+x) >= 8/9 (x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz) >= \(\frac{8\sqrt{3}}{9}\) nên \(M\)=< \(\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\),dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=\(\sqrt{3}-1\)
Theo giả thiết, ta có: \(abc+ab+bc+ca=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c+1=a+b+c+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)=\left(a+1\right)+\left(b+1\right)+\left(c+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(a+1;b+1;c+1\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{x};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{y};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{z}\right)\). Khi đó giả thiết bài toán được viết lại thành xy + yz + zx = 3
Ta có: \(M=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a+1}{a^2+2a+2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a+1}{\left(a+1\right)^2+1}\)\(=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{a+1+\frac{1}{a+1}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{x}+\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{x}{x^2+3}+\frac{y}{y^2+3}+\frac{z}{z^2+3}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{3}\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{x}{x^2+xy+yz+zx}\right)=\sqrt{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)hay \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}-1\)
Bài 1 :
Ta có : \(ab+bc+ac=abc+a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-abc+bc-b+ac-a-c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-abc+bc-b+ac-a+1-c=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(1-c\right)+b\left(c-1\right)+a\left(c-1\right)+\left(1-c\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(1-c\right)-b\left(1-c\right)-a\left(1-c\right)+\left(1-c\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-c\right)\left(ab-a-b+1\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)=1\)
Ta có thế đặt \(x=1-a;y=1-b;z=1-c\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
Nhưng trong đẳng thức cần chứng minh theo \(x;y;z\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Thế \(a=1-x;b=1-y;c=1-z\) vào được :
\(\frac{1}{3+ab-\left(2a+b\right)}=\frac{1}{3+\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)-2\left(1-x\right)-\left(1-y\right)}=\frac{1}{1+x+xy}\)
Tương tự :
\(\frac{1}{3+ab-\left(2b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{3+\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)-2\left(1-y\right)-\left(1-z\right)}=\frac{1}{1+y+yz}\)
\(\frac{1}{3+ac-\left(2c+a\right)}=\frac{1}{3+\left(1-x\right)\left(1-z\right)-2\left(1-z\right)-\left(1-x\right)}=\frac{1}{1+z+zx}\)
Theo gt ta có xyz =1
\(\Rightarrow VT=\frac{1}{1+x+xy}+\frac{1}{1+y+yz}+\frac{1}{1+z+zx}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1+x+xy}+\frac{x}{x+xy+xyz}+\frac{xy}{xy+xyz+x^2yz}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1+x+xy}+\frac{x}{x+xy+1}+\frac{xy}{xy+1+x}\)
\(=\frac{1+x+xy}{1+x+xy}=1=VP\)
Bài 2 :
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
\(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
Cộng theo vế ta được :
\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\ge\frac{3+3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+1+1\ge\frac{3\left(\sqrt[3]{abc}+1\right)}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\ge\frac{3\left(\sqrt[3]{abc}+1\right)}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge3\left(\sqrt[3]{abc}+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge\sqrt[3]{abc}+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\ge\left(\sqrt[3]{abc}+1\right)^3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!
Lời giải:
Từ \(a+b+c+ab+bc+ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+ab+bc+ac+abc+1=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)=1\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} a+1=x\\ b+1=y\\ c+1=z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
Biểu thức trở thành:
\(A=\frac{1}{(a+2)+a+b+ab+1}+\frac{1}{(b+2)+b+c+bc+1}+\frac{1}{(c+2)+c+a+ac+1}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{(a+2)+(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{1}{(b+2)+(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{1}{(c+2)+(c+1)(a+1)}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{x+1+xy}+\frac{1}{y+1+yz}+\frac{1}{z+1+zx}\)
\(A=\frac{z}{xz+z+xyz}+\frac{zx}{yxz+xz+yz.xz}+\frac{1}{z+1+xz}\)
hay \(A=\frac{z}{xz+z+1}+\frac{xz}{1+xz+z}+\frac{1}{z+1+xz}\) (thay \(xyz=1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{z+xz+1}{xz+z+1}=1\)
Vậy \(A=1\)
hay ghe
co gioi that