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Từ \(x\left(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+y\left(\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+z\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=-2\) ta có:
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+2xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\).
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử x + y = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3=-y^3\).
Kết hợp với \(x^3+y^3+z^3=1\) ta có \(z^3=1\Leftrightarrow z=1\).
Vậy \(P=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{-y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{1}=1\).
x+y+z=0
nên x+y=-z; y+z=-x; x+z=-y
\(\left(1+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y}{y}\cdot\dfrac{y+z}{z}\cdot\dfrac{x+z}{x}=-1\)
Lời giải:
$\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}$
$\Rightarrow (\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y})+(\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{x+y+z})=0$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{x+y}{z(x+y+z)}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{z(x+y+z)})=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y).\frac{z(x+y+z)+xy}{xyz(x+y+z)}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y).\frac{(z+x)(z+y)}{xyz(x+y+z)}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)(y+z)(x+z)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-y$ hoặc $y=-z$ hoặc $z=-x$
Nếu $x=-y$ thì:
$P=\frac{3}{4}+[(-y)^8-y^8](y^9+z^9)(z^{10}-x^{10})=\frac{3}{4}+0.(y^9+z^9)(z^{10}-x^{10})=\frac{3}{4}$
Nếu $y=-z$ thì:
$P=\frac{3}{4}+(x^8-y^8)[(-z)^9+z^9](z^{10}-x^{10})=\frac{3}{4}+(x^8-y^8).0.(z^{10}-x^{10})=\frac{3}{4}$
Nếu $z=-x$ thì:
$P=\frac{3}{4}+(x^8-y^8)(y^9+z^9)[(-x)^{10}-x^{10}]=\frac{3}{4}+(x^8-y^8)(y^9+z^9).0=\frac{3}{4}$
a/ \(x-y-z=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-z=y\\y-x=-z\\y+z=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{x}{x}-\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\left(\dfrac{y}{y}-\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{z}{z}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x-z}{x}.\dfrac{y-x}{y}.\dfrac{z+y}{z}\)
\(=\dfrac{y}{x}.\dfrac{-z}{y}.\dfrac{x}{z}=-1\)
b/ \(M=\dfrac{3a-b}{2a+7}+\dfrac{3b-a}{2b-7}\)
\(=\dfrac{3a-b}{2a+\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{3b-a}{2b-\left(a-b\right)}\) (do \(a-b=7\))
\(=\dfrac{3a-b}{2a+a-b}+\dfrac{3b-a}{2b-a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{3a-b}{3a-b}+\dfrac{3b-a}{3b-a}\)
\(=1+1=2\)