3,Cho x,y,z,t \(\ne0\) thoả mãn :
\(\dfrac{y+z+t-nx}{x}=\dfrac{z+t+x-ny}{y}=\dfrac{t+x+y-nz}{z}=\dfrac{x+y+z-nt}{t}\left(n\in N;x+y+z+t=2012\right)\)
Tính : P = x + 2y - 3z + t
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\(^{\dfrac{y+z+t-nx}{x}=\dfrac{z+t+x-ny}{y}=\dfrac{t+x+y-nz}{z}=\dfrac{x+y+z-nt}{t}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y+z+t}{x}-n=\dfrac{z+t+x}{y}-n=\dfrac{t+x+y}{z}-n=\dfrac{x+y+z}{t}-n\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y+z+t}{x}=\dfrac{z+t+x}{y}=\dfrac{t+x+y}{z}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{t}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y+z+t}{x}+1=\dfrac{z+t+x}{y}+1=\dfrac{t+x+y}{z}+1=\dfrac{x+y+z}{t}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{x}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{z}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{t}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2012}{x}=\dfrac{2012}{y}=\dfrac{2012}{z}=\dfrac{2012}{t}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z=t\)
Kết hợp \(x+y+z+t=2012\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=t=503\)
\(P=x+2y-3z+t=x+2x-3x+x=x=503\)
vậy....
\(x+y+z+t=2019\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=2019-t\\x+y+t=2019-z\\x+z+t=2019-y\\y+z+t=2019-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\dfrac{y+z+t-nx}{x}=\dfrac{x+z+t-ny}{y}...=\dfrac{\left(3-n\right)\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{x+y+z+t}=3-n\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y+z+t-nx}{x}=3-n\\\dfrac{x+z+t-ny}{y}=3-n\\\dfrac{x+y+t-nz}{z}=3-n\\\dfrac{x+y+z-nt}{t}=3-n\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2019-x-nx}{x}=3-n\\\dfrac{2019-y-ny}{y}=3-n\\\dfrac{2019-z-nz}{z}=3-n\\\dfrac{2019-t-nt}{t}=3-n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2019-\left(n+1\right)x=\left(3-n\right)x\\2019-\left(n+1\right)y=\left(3-n\right)y\\2019-\left(n+1\right)z=\left(3-n\right)z\\2019-\left(n+1\right)t=\left(3-n\right)t\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2019}{3-n+n+1}=\dfrac{2019}{4}\\y=\dfrac{2019}{3-n+n+1}=\dfrac{2019}{4}\\z=\dfrac{2019}{3-n+n+1}=\dfrac{2019}{4}\\t=\dfrac{2019}{3-n+n+1}=\dfrac{2019}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z=t\Rightarrow P=x+2x-3x+x=x=\dfrac{2019}{4}\)
Từ gt của đề bài :
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}\text{=}\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}\text{=}\dfrac{z}{x+y+t}\text{=}\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}\text{=}\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{3.\left(x+y+z+t\right)}\left(\cdot\right)\)
Xét TH : \(x+y+z+t\text{=}0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\left(z+t\right)\\y+z\text{=}-\left(x+t\right)\\z+t\text{=}-\left(x+y\right)\\x+t\text{=}-\left(y+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do đó : \(P\text{=}-1+-1+-1+-1\)
\(P\text{=}-4\in Z\)
TH : \(x+y+z+t\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\cdot\right)\text{=}\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Do đó : \(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}\text{=}\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3x\text{=}y+z+t\)
\(\Rightarrow4x\text{=}x+y+z+t\)
\(CMTT:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4y\text{=}x+y+z+t\\4z\text{=}x+y+z+t\\4t\text{=}x+y+z+t\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà : \(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}\text{=}\dfrac{y}{x+z+t}\text{=}\dfrac{z}{x+y+t}\text{=}\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow4x\text{=}4y\text{=}4z\text{=}4t\)
\(\Rightarrow x\text{=}y\text{=}z\text{=}t\)
Do đó : \(P\text{=}4\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Kham khảo :
https://olm.vn/cau-hoi/cho-cac-so-thuc-xyzt-thoa-mandfracxyztdfracyztxdfracztxydfractxyz-cmr-p-dfracxyztdfracyztx.8377111224063.
Bạn vuốt xuống dưới để xem đáp án nha.
(A=dfrac{x}{x+y+z}+dfrac{y}{y+z+t}+dfrac{z}{z+t+x}+dfrac{t}{t+x+y})
Giả sử: (Ain N) thì
(left{{}egin{matrix}dfrac{x}{x+y+z}in N\dfrac{y}{y+z+t}in N\dfrac{z}{z+t+x}in N\dfrac{t}{x+y+t}in Nend{matrix} ight.) (Leftrightarrowleft{{}egin{matrix}x⋮x+y+z\y⋮y+z+t\z⋮z+t+x\t⋮t+x+yend{matrix} ight.)
Vì (x;y;z;tin Ncircledast) nên
(left{{}egin{matrix}xge x+y+z\yge y+z+t\zge z+t+x\tge t+x+yend{matrix} ight.Leftrightarrowleft{{}egin{matrix}x+yle0\z+tle0\t+xle0\x+yle0end{matrix} ight.)
Điều trên ko thể xảy ra, (A otin N)
\(\dfrac{y+z+t-nx}{x}=\dfrac{z+t+x-ny}{y}=\dfrac{t+x+y-nz}{z}=\dfrac{x+y+z-nt}{t}\)
\(=\dfrac{y+z+t-nx+z+t+x-ny+t+x+y-nz+x+y+z-nt}{x+y+z+t}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x+3y+3z+3t-n\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{x+y+z+t}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(x+y+z+t\right)-n\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{x+y+z+t}=\dfrac{\left(3-n\right)\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{x+y+z+t}=3-n\)
Nên \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+z+t-nx=3x-nx\\z+t+x-ny=3y-ny\\t+x+y-nz=3z-nz\\x+y+z-nt=3t-nt\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+z+t=3x\\z+t+x=3y\\t+x+y=3z\\x+y+z=3t\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{y+z+t}{3}\\y=\dfrac{z+t+x}{3}\\z=\dfrac{t+x+y}{3}\\t=\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào \(P\) ta có:
\(P=x+2y-3z+t\)
\(P=\dfrac{y+z+t}{3}+\dfrac{2\left(z+t+x\right)}{3}-\dfrac{3\left(t+x+y\right)}{3}+\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{y+z+t+2z+t+x-3t-3x-3y+x+y+z}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(x+x-3x\right)+\left(y+y-3y\right)+\left(z+z+2z\right)+\left(t+t-3t\right)}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{-x-y-z+4t}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{-\left(x+y+z+t\right)+5t}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{-2012+5t}{3}\)
Tốn sức quá T^T