Nung 21,4 gam Fe(OH)\(_3\) đến khi phân hủy hoàn toàn.Khối lượng Fe\(_2\)O\(_3\) thu được
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\(1) Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3H_2O\\ Fe_3O_4 + 4H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 3Fe + 4H_2O \text{Theo PTHH }\\ n_{H_2O} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9(mol)\\ \text{Bảo toàn khối lượng : }\\ a = m_{hh} + m_{H_2} - m_{H_2O} = 65,4 + 0,9.2 - 0,9.18 = 51(gam)\)
2)
\(n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b ; n_{Fe} = c\\ \Rightarrow 24a + 27b + 56c = 18,6(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{14,56}{22,4}=0,65(2)\\ 2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ 3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{7,84}{22,4} = 0,35\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a + b + c}{0,5a + 0,75b + \dfrac{2}{3}c} = \dfrac{0,55}{0,35}(3)\\ (1)(2)(3) \Rightarrow a = 0,2 ; b = 0,2 ; c= 0,15\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,2.24}{18,6}.100\% = 25,81\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{18,6}.100\% = 29,03\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 25,81\% -29,03\% = 45,16\%\)
a. \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{9.10^{23}}{6.10^{23}}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : Fe2O3 + 3H2 -> 2Fe + 3H2O
0,5 1,5 1
\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,5.160=80\left(g\right)\)
b. \(m_{Fe}=1.56=56\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=n_{CO}=\dfrac{p}{100}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\text{Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng: }\)
\(m_X+m_{CO}=m_Y+m_{CO_2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_X-m_Y=m_{CO_2}-m_{CO}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(m-n=\dfrac{p}{100}\cdot44-\dfrac{p}{100}\cdot28=0.16p\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m=n+0.16p\)
a) 4Al+3O2--->2Al2O3
Al2O3+6HCl--->2AlCl3+3H2O
2AlCl3+ 3H2SO4--->Al2(SO4)3+6HCl
Al2(SO4)3+6NaOH----> 2Al(OH)3+3Na2SO4
b) FeCl2+2 NaOH--->Fe(OH)2+2NaCl
Fe(OH)2---->FeO+H2O
FeO+H2-->Fe+H2O
Fe+Cl2---->FeCl2
2FeCl2+Cl2--->2FeCl3
FeCl3+3NaOH--->Fe(OH)3+3NaOH
2Fe(OH)3---->Fe2O3+3H2O
Fe2(SO4)3+3HNO3---->Fe(NO3)3+3H2SO4
\(a,\\ \left(1\right)Fe+Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+Cu\\ \left(2\right)Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2KOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2KNO_3\\ \left(3\right)Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+2H_2O\)
\(\left(4\right)FeCl_2\) \(\rightarrow\left(đpdd\right)\) \(Fe+Cl_2\)
\(b,\\ \left(1\right)2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ \left(2\right)FeCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\downarrow\\ \left(3\right)Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+3KOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3KNO_3\\ \left(4\right)2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
Oxit bazo : \(CaO,Na_2O\)
Oxit axit : \(SO_2,SO_3,N_2O_5\)
Axit : \(HNO_3,HNO_2\)
Bazo : \(Fe(OH)_3,Al(OH)_3\)
Muối : \(FeS,CaSO_3,KHCO_3,FeHPO_4,Fe(NO_3)_2,Fe(NO_3)_3,NaH_2PO_4,Na_2HPO_4\)
\(\text{Oxit axit : }\) \(SO_2,SO_3,N_2O_5\)
\(\text{Oxit bazo : }\)\(CaO,Na_2O\)
\(\text{Axit : }\)\(HNO_3,HNO_2\)
\(\text{Bazo : }\)\(Fe\left(OH\right)_3,Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
\(\text{Muối : }\) \(FeS,CaSO_3,KHCO_3,FeHPO_4,Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2,Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3,NaH_2PO_4,NaHPO_4\)
\(a,4K+O_2\rightarrow2K_2O\\ K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\\ b,4P+3O_{2\left(thiếu\right)}\rightarrow2P_2O_3\\ P_2O_3+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_3PO_3\\ c,3Fe+2O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)3Fe_3O_4\\ Fe_3O_4+8Al\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)9Fe+4Al_2O_3\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{21,4}{107}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
Theo phương trình : 1 mol Fe(OH)3 phân hủy tạo ra 1 mol Fe2O3
Theo bài ra : 0,2 mol Fe(OH)3 phân hủy tạo ra 0,2 mol Fe2O3
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2.160=32\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: 2Fe(OH)3--to--> Fe2O3+3H2O
nFe(OH)3= 21,4/107= 0,2 mol
Theo pt: nFe2O3=\(\dfrac{1}{2}.nFe\left(OH\right)3\)= \(\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\) mol
=> mFe2O3= 0,1.160= 16 g