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a+b+c => a+b= -c
=> (a+b)2 = (-c)2
=> a3+b3+3ab(a+b) = -c2
=> a3+b3+c3 = -3ab(a+b)
=> a2+b2+c2 = -3ab(-c) = 3abc
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc>=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc>=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)>=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac>=0\)(vì a+b+c>0)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2>=0\)(luôn đúng)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3abc\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\ge0\)
Vì \(a,b,c>0\Leftrightarrow a+b+c>0\)
Lại có \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\ge0\)
Nhân vế theo vế ta được đpcm
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
a3+b3+c3= (a+b)3-3ab(a+b)+c3
Thay a+b=-c vào, ta được:
a3 + b3 +c3 = (-c)3 -3ab(-c) +c3 = 3abc (đpcm)
Lời giải:
$a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c$
Ta có:
$a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b)^3-3a^2b-3ab^2+c^3$
$=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3=(-c)^3-3ab(-c)+c^3=(-c)^3+3abc+c^3=3abc$ chứ không phải bằng $0$ nhé.
a3 + b3 + c3 = ( a + b + c). +( a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ca) + 3abc
= 0 . (a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ca ) + 3abc
= 3abc ( đpcm)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\\ \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Vậy \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 9:
\(a,\left(a+1\right)^2\ge4a\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2+2a+1\ge4a\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2-2a+1\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\left(luôn.đúng\right)\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=1\)
\(b,\) Áp dụng BĐT cosi: \(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\ge2\sqrt{a}\cdot2\sqrt{b}\cdot2\sqrt{c}=8\sqrt{abc}=8\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Câu 10:
\(a,\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\le2a^2+2b^2\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(luôn.đúng\right)\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(b,\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\le3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\left(luôn.đúng\right)\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Câu 13:
\(M=\left(a^2+ab+\dfrac{1}{4}b^2\right)-3\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}b^2-\dfrac{3}{2}b+2021\\ M=\left[\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}\right]+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+2018\\ M=\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2}b-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(b-1\right)^2+2018\ge2018\\ M_{min}=2018\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\dfrac{1}{2}b=\dfrac{3}{2}\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Câu 6:
$2=(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)>0$
$\Rightarrow a+b>0$
$4(a^3+b^3)-N^3=4(a^3+b^3)-(a+b)^3$
$=3(a^3+b^3)-3ab(a+b)=(a+b)(a-b)^2\geq 0$
$\Rightarrow N^3\leq 4(a^3+b^3)=8$
$\Rightarrow N\leq 2$
Vậy $N_{\max}=2$
1) Áp dụng HĐT mở rộng :
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)(do a + b + c = 0)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
2 )Vì a;b;c là độ dài 3 cạch của 1 tam giác nên \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b>c\\a+c>b\\a+b>c\end{cases}}\)(bđt tam giác)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{c}{a+b}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{c}{a+b}< \frac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b}{a+c}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{b}{a+c}< \frac{2b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}< \frac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}< \frac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=2\)(đpcm)
3 ) \(x^5+y^5\ge x^4y+xy^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5+y^5-x^4y-xy^4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^4-x^3y+x^2y^2-xy^3+y^4\right)-xy\left(x^3+y^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^4-x^3y+x^2y^2-xy^3+y^4\right)-xy\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^4-x^3y+x^2y^2-xy^3+y^4-x^3y+x^2y^2-xy^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge0\)(luôn đúng với mọi \(x;y\ne0andx+y\ge0\))
Vậy \(x^5+y^5\ge x^4y+xy^4\)
mk làm câu 1) CMR: x5 + y5 \(\ge\) x4y + xy4 với x,y \(\ne\) 0 và x + y \(\ge\) 0.
Giải
Ta có: \(x^5+y^5\ge x^4y+xy^4\) (**)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^5-x^4y\right)-\left(xy^4-y^5\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4\left(x-y\right)-y^4\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x^4-y^4\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge0\) (*)
Ta thấy: \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\), x + y \(\ge\) 0(gt), x2 + y2 \(\ge\) 0,do đó BĐT(*) luôn đúng.
Vậy BĐT(**) được chứng minh, dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y.