cho a,b,c dương CM 1/a(a+b) + 1/b(b+c) + 1/c(c+a) >= 27/2(a+b+c)^2
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Câu hỏi của Lê Văn Hoàng - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
a)\(a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-a+\frac{1}{4}+b^2-b+\frac{1}{4}+c^2-c+\frac{1}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(b-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(c-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
b)Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(1+1\right)\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2\Rightarrow a^4+b^4\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right)^2}{2}=\frac{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}}{2}>\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{2}=\frac{1}{8}\)
c)\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}\ge0\)
Khi a=b
1) Trước hết ta đi chứng minh BĐT : \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\) với \(a,b>0\) (1)
Thật vậy : BĐT (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}-\frac{4}{a+b}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2-4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
Vì vậy BĐT (1) đúng.
Áp dụng vào bài toán ta có:
\(\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{4}{a+c}\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\cdot\left[2.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\right]=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh !
Bài 1 :
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\) với a , b > 0
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\\\frac{1}{b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\\\frac{1}{a+c}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng theo từng vế
\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(1\geq a+b\geq 2\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow ab\leq \frac{1}{4}\)
\(\frac{a}{2}+\frac{a}{2}+\frac{1}{16a^2}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{2}.\frac{a}{2}.\frac{1}{16a^2}}=\frac{3}{4}(1)\)
\(\frac{b}{2}+\frac{b}{2}+\frac{1}{16b^2}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b}{2}.\frac{b}{2}.\frac{1}{16b^2}}=\frac{3}{4}(2)\)
\(\frac{15}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)\geq \frac{15}{16}.2\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}.\frac{1}{b^2}}=\frac{15}{8ab}\geq \frac{15}{8.\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{15}{2}(3)\)
Lấy \((1)+(2)+(3)\Rightarrow a+b+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\geq \frac{3}{4}+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{15}{2}=9\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=\frac{1}{2}$
Áp dụng AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{1}{a\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c\left(c+a\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(ab+bc\right)\left(bc+ac\right)\left(ac+ab\right)}}\ge\dfrac{3}{\dfrac{1}{3}.2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{27}{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)