Cho 0 < x < 1 . Tìm GTNN của B = \(\dfrac{3}{1-x}\) + \(\dfrac{4}{x}\)
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\(A=\dfrac{3}{1-x}+\dfrac{4}{x}=\dfrac{3}{1-x}+\dfrac{4}{x}+1-x-1+x\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{1-x}+\dfrac{4}{x}+\left(1-x\right)+\left(x-1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si với 4 số dương : \(\dfrac{3}{1-x};\dfrac{4}{x};1-x;x>0\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{1-x}+\dfrac{4}{x}+1-x+x}{4}\ge\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{1-x}+\dfrac{4}{x}+1-x+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{1-x}+\dfrac{4}{x}+1-x+x\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{1-x}+\dfrac{4}{x}+1-x+x}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\dfrac{3}{1-x}=\dfrac{4}{x}=1-x=1\)
Vậy.....
Cậu coi thử đúng không chứ mình mới học BĐT cách đây 2 tiếng thôi nên không biết đúng hay sai .
Thông cảm !
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy schwarz dưới dạng en-gel ta có :
\(B=\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{9}{1-x}\ge\dfrac{\left(2+3\right)^2}{x+1-x}=25\)
Dấu \("="\)xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{2}{x}=\dfrac{3}{1-x}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(P=\dfrac{4}{x}+1+\dfrac{9}{1-x}=\dfrac{4}{x}+25x+25\left(1-x\right)+\dfrac{9}{1-x}-24\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{x}.25x}+2\sqrt{25\left(1-x\right).\dfrac{9}{1-x}}-24\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge20+30-24=26\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=26\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{x}=25x\\25\left(1-x\right)=\dfrac{9}{1-x}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)
\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)
Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được
\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)
2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)
Dấu"=" khi a = 4b
nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)
khi đó a + b = 1
mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
# Bài 1
* Ta cm BĐT sau \(a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\) (1) bằng cách biến đổi tương đương
* Với \(x,y>0\) áp dụng (1) ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2\)
Mà \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2\le1\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(0< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\le1\) (I)
* Ta cm BĐT phụ \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) với \(a,b>0\) (2)
Áp dụng (2) với x , y > 0 ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\) (II)
* Từ (I) và (II) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\ge4\)
Dấu "=" xra khi \(x=y=4\)
Vậy min \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=4\) khi \(x=y=4\)
Bài 1:
ta có: C=\(\dfrac{x}{1-x}+\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{x}{1-x}+\dfrac{5-5x+5x}{x}=\dfrac{x}{1-x}+\dfrac{5.\left(1-x\right)}{x}+\dfrac{5x}{x}=\dfrac{x}{1-x}+\dfrac{5.\left(1-x\right)}{x}+5\)
Vì 0<x<1==> \(\dfrac{x}{1-x}>0,\dfrac{5.\left(1-x\right)}{x}>0\)
Asp dụng BĐT coossi cho 2 số dg ta đc
\(\dfrac{x}{1-x}+\dfrac{5.\left(1-x\right)}{x}>=2.\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{1-x}.\dfrac{5.\left(1-x\right)}{x}}\)=2\(\sqrt{5}\)
==> C >= 2\(\sqrt{5}+5\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra <=>\(\dfrac{x}{1-x}=\dfrac{5.\left(1-x\right)}{x}< =>x^{2^{ }}=5.\left(1-x\right)^2\)
<=> x=\(\dfrac{5-\sqrt{5}}{4}\)
Vậy..............
bài 2 :
ta có A= -x+2.\(\sqrt{\left(x-3\right).\left(1-2x\right)}\)
= [ (x-3) + 2\(\sqrt{\left(x-3\right).\left(1-2x\right)}\)+( 1-2x)] +2
= ( \(\sqrt{x-3}+\sqrt{1-2x}\))2+2
Nhận thấy( \(\sqrt{x-3}+\sqrt{1-2x}\))2>= 0
==> A >= 2
dấu ''='' xáy ra <=>( \(\sqrt{x-3}+\sqrt{1-2x}\))2=0
<=> \([^{x=3}_{x=\dfrac{1}{2}}\)
vậy..............
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\dfrac{4}{xy}+2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2P=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{8}{xy}+4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2P=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}+\dfrac{1}{4xy}+4xy+\dfrac{29}{4xy}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM , ta có :
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}+\dfrac{1}{4xy}+4xy+\dfrac{29}{4xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)2xy}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4xy}.4xy}+\dfrac{29}{4xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2P\ge\)\(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)2xy}}+2+\dfrac{29}{4xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+2+\dfrac{29}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2P\ge2+4+29=35\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{35}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{Min}=\dfrac{35}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(y=x+\dfrac{1}{x}-5\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{x}}-5=-3\)
\(y_{min}=-3\) khi \(x=1\)
\(y=4x^2+\dfrac{1}{2x}+\dfrac{1}{2x}-4\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{4x^2}{2x.2x}}-4=-1\)
\(y_{min}=-1\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(y=x+\dfrac{4}{x}\Rightarrow y'=1-\dfrac{4}{x^2}=0\Rightarrow x=-2\)
\(y\left(-2\right)=-4\Rightarrow\max\limits_{x>0}y=-4\) khi \(x=-2\)
\(\left(\sqrt{1-x}.\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{1-x}}+\sqrt{x}.\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2\le\left(1-x+x\right)\left(B\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)^2=7+4\sqrt{3}\)
Bmin = 7+4can 3
khi\(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{1-x}=\dfrac{2}{x}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}+2}\)