Cho a,b,c>0 và a+b+c=1. C/m \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\)
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Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM, ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+1\)
\(=3+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\ge3+2+2+2=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\) có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{9\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)}=9\)
Dấu " = " khi a = b = c
Áp dụng AM-GM
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}.3.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}=9\)
\(\rightarrow1.\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh
Dấu "=" \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng svac-xơ:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}=9\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
C2: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}\)
\(=3+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\)
\(\ge3+2+2+2=9\) (theo cosi)
Dấu = xảy ra <=>\(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+3\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số không âm:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}=2\)
\(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}.\dfrac{c}{a}}=2\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{b}}=2\)
Suy ra:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}+3\ge2+2+2+3=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy dạng Engel , ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\)
⇔ \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\text{≥}\left(a+b+c\right).\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\)
⇔ \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\text{≥}9\)
\("="\text{⇔}a=b=c\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{9}{1}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
a)Theo bất đẳng thức cauchy:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}.\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b\)
Ta có điều phải chứng minh
b)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}.\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(a=b=c\)
Ta có điều phải chứng minh
BDT
\(x+\dfrac{1}{x}=\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+2\ge2\)
nhân PP vào là ra
\(\left(a+b+c\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3+2+2+2=9\)
Theo BĐT Cauchy:
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}.3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}=9\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Lời giải +HD chi tiết
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\) {vì (a+b+c=1}
\(A=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}\right)\) {nhân pp}
\(A=\left(\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{b}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{c}\right)\){tách nhỏ ra}
\(A=3+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\) ghép lại theo định hướng
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b}=x\\\dfrac{b}{c}=y\\\dfrac{a}{c}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow A=3+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\left(z+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\) {đổi biến viêt cho gọn }
\(A=3+2.3+\left(\sqrt{x}-2+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y}-2+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{y}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{z}-2+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{z}}\right)\)
{định hướng ghép bp}
\(A=9+\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{y}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{z}}\right)^2\)
\(\sum\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow9+\sum\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2\ge9\Rightarrow A\ge9\)Kết thúc
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)
1/ x + y + z = 3. Tìm Max P = xy + yz + xz
Ta có: (x - y)² ≥ 0 <=> x² - 2xy + y² ≥ 0 <=> x² + y² ≥ 2xy
hay 2xy ≤ x² + y² , dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x = y
tương tự:
+) 2yz ≤ y² + z²
+) 2xz ≤ x² + z²
cộng 3 vế của 3 bđt trên
--> 2xy + 2yz + 2xz ≤ 2(x² + y² + z²)
--> xy + yz + xz ≤ x² + y² + z²
--> xy + yz + xz + 2xy + 2yz + 2xz ≤ x² + y² + z² + 2xy + 2yz + 2xz
--> 3(xy + yz + xz) ≤ (x + y + z)²
--> 3(xy + yz + xz) ≤ 3²
--> xy + yz + xz ≤ 3
Vậy MaxP = 3 ; Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 1
Ta có: (x - y)² ≥ 0 <=> x² - 2xy + y² ≥ 0 <=> x² + y² ≥ 2xy
hay 2xy ≤ x² + y² , dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x = y
tương tự:
+) 2yz ≤ y² + z²
+) 2xz ≤ x² + z²
cộng 3 vế của 3 bđt trên
--> 2xy + 2yz + 2xz ≤ 2(x² + y² + z²)
--> xy + yz + xz ≤ x² + y² + z²
--> xy + yz + xz + 2xy + 2yz + 2xz ≤ x² + y² + z² + 2xy + 2yz + 2xz
--> 3(xy + yz + xz) ≤ (x + y + z)²
--> 3(xy + yz + xz) ≤ 3²
--> xy + yz + xz ≤ 3
Vậy Max B = 3 ; Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 1
\(a+b+c\le1\) hoặc \(a+b+c=1\) nhá
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=9\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi ..........
Áp dụng bđt cosi cho 3 số thực không âm a,b,c ta có:
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\) (1)
Và \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}\) (2)
Nhân (1) cho (2) vế theo vế được :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
hay \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\) (đpcm)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3^2}{1}=9\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)