Cho 180g dung dịch H2SO4 15% vào 320g đungịch BaCl2 10%. Tính nồng độ % các chất trong dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng
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PTHH: \(2NaOH+CuSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{320\cdot20\%}{160}=0,4\left(mol\right)=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,4\cdot98=39,2\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{CuSO_4}=0,8mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,8\cdot40}{10\%}=320\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,4\cdot142=56,8\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddNaOH}+m_{ddCuSO_4}-m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=600,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{56,8}{600,8}\cdot100\%\approx9,45\%\)
mddH2SO4 = 100 . 1,137 = 113,7
nH2SO4 = 113,7 . 20%/98 = 0,232 mol
nBaCl2 = 400 . 5,29%/208 = 0,1 mol
H2SO4 + BaCl2 —> BaSO4 + 2HCI
Bđ: 0,232 0,1
Pứ: 0,1 0, 1 0,1 0,2
Sau pứ: 0,132 0
mBaSO4 = 0,1.233 = 23,3 gam
Khối lượng dung dịch sau khi lọc bỏ kết tủa:
mddB = mddH2SO4 + mddBaCl2 - mBaSO4 = 490,4
C%HCI = 0,2.36,5/490,4 = 1,49%
C%H2SO4 dư = 0,132.98/490,4 = 2,64%
\(a)n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8.20}{100.98}=0,12mol\\ n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{200.5,2}{100.208}=0,05mol\\ BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,12}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{2}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\\ BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)
0,05 0,05 0,05 0,1
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,05.233=11,65g\\ b)m_{dd}=58,8+200-11,65=247,15g\\ C_{\%HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{247,15}\cdot100=1,48\%\\ C_{\%H_2SO_4,dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,12-0,05\right).98}{247,15}\cdot100=2,78\%\)
\(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{400.7\%}{56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.19,6\%}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KOH + H2SO4 --> K2SO4 + 2H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,5}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\) => KOH dư, H2SO4 hết
PTHH: 2KOH + H2SO4 --> K2SO4 + 2H2O
0,4<----0,2-------->0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KOH\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{K_2SO_4}=0,2.174=34,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
mdd sau pư = 400 + 100 = 500 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{KOH.dư}=\dfrac{5,6}{500}.100\%=1,12\%\\C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{34,8}{500}.100\%=6,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{400.7}{100}:56=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.19,6}{100}:98=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,4 0,2 0,2
Lập tỉ lệ:
\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\) => KOH dư.
\(m_{dd}=400+100=500\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{KOH.dư}=0,5-0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.174.100}{500}=6,96\%\)
\(C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,1.56.100}{500}=1,12\%\)
\(a,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{100\cdot10,4\%}{100\%}=10,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot9,8\%}{100\%}=19,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{10,4}{208}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(PTHH:BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{2}\) nên \(H_2SO_4\) dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,05\cdot233=11,65\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{HCl}=n_{BaSO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,05\cdot36,5=1,825\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=100+200-11,65=288,35\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,825}{288,35}\cdot100\%\approx0,63\%\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{208.10\%}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ 0,1............0,1..............0,1.............0,2\left(mol\right)\\ b,m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98.100}{8}=122,5\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{kt}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3\left(g\right)\\ d,m_{ddsau}=208+122,5-23,3=307,2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{307,2}.100\approx2,376\%\)
\(2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O\)
\(m_{NaOH}= 20 .10\)%=2g \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05 mol\)
mH2SO4= 20 . 10% = 2g \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}= \dfrac{2}{98}= 0,02 mol\)
\(2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O\)
Trước pư: 0,05 0,02
PƯ: 0,04 0,02 0,02
Sau pư: 0,01 0 0,02
dd sau pư gồm NaOH dư và Na2SO4
\(m_{dd sau pư}= m_{NaOH} + m_{H_2SO_4}= 20 + 20=40g\)
Ta có
C%\(NaOH\)=\(\dfrac{0,01 . 40}{40} . 100\)%=1%
C%\(Na_2SO_4\)=\(\dfrac{0,02 .142}{40} . 100\)%=7,1%
tính mol kiểu j vạy ạ