Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử bằng pp bổ sung hằng đẳng thức
a/ \(x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{4}\)
b/ \(x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}-2\)
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1.
\(y^2+y\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)+x^5-x^4+2x^3-2x^2\)
\(\Delta=\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)^2-4\left(x^5-x^4+2x^3-2x^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^3-x^2+3x\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{-x^3-x^2-x+x^3-x^2+3x}{2}=-x^2+x\\y=\dfrac{-x^3-x^2-x-x^3+x^2-3x}{2}=-x^3-2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Hay đa thức trên có thể phân tích thành:
\(\left(x^2-x+y\right)\left(x^3+2x+y\right)\)
Dựa vào đó em tự tách cho phù hợp
\(a,=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-4x^2y^2\right]\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)^2\\ b,=\left(3x-\dfrac{1}{2}y\right)\left(9x^2+\dfrac{3}{2}xy+\dfrac{1}{4}y^2\right)\\ c,=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\)
Bài 1:
a. $2x^3+3x^2-2x=2x(x^2+3x-2)=2x[(x^2-2x)+(x-2)]$
$=2x[x(x-2)+(x-2)]=2x(x-2)(x+1)$
b.
$(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)-24$
$=[(x+1)(x+4)][(x+2)(x+3)]-24$
$=(x^2+5x+4)(x^2+5x+6)-24$
$=a(a+2)-24$ (đặt $x^2+5x+4=a$)
$=a^2+2a-24=(a^2-4a)+(6a-24)$
$=a(a-4)+6(a-4)=(a-4)(a+6)=(x^2+5x)(x^2+5x+10)$
$=x(x+5)(x^2+5x+10)$
Bài 2:
a. ĐKXĐ: $x\neq 3; 4$
\(A=\frac{2x+1-(x+3)(x-3)+(2x-1)(x-4)}{(x-3)(x-4)}\\ =\frac{2x+1-(x^2-9)+(2x^2-9x+4)}{(x-3)(x-4)}\\ =\frac{x^2-7x+14}{(x-3)(x-4)}\)
b. $x^2+20=9x$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2-9x+20=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-4)(x-5)=0$
$\Rightarrow x=5$ (do $x\neq 4$)
Khi đó: $A=\frac{5^2-7.5+14}{(5-4)(5-3)}=2$
a) \(x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{4}\)
b) \(x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}-2=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{4}\)
a, \(x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{2}^2\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
b, \(x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}-2\)
\(=x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{2}^2\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt!!!