Khử hòa tan 16g Fe2O3 bằng khí H2
Kim loại thu được cho vào 600g HCl 3,65%.Tìm C% của dd thu được
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a, \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
b, \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{24}{160}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,45.22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
c, n\(n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{1,5}=0,4\left(M\right)\)
a, PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=24-m_{Fe}=12,8\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ m = mCuO + mFe2O3 = 0,2.80 + 0,1.160 = 32 (g)
b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,2.80}{32}.100\%=50\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=50\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{CuO}+3n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{24}{232}=\dfrac{3}{29}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\)
3/29 9/29
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
9/29 18/29
\(c,V_{HCl}=\dfrac{\dfrac{18}{29}}{1,5}=\dfrac{12}{29}\left(l\right)\)
Bài 24:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Theo pthh: nA = nH2 = 0,15 (mol)
=> MA = \(\dfrac{3,6}{0,15}=24\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
=> A là Mg
Bài 25:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2A+6HCl\rightarrow2ACl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ Mol:0,3\leftarrow0,9\leftarrow0,3\leftarrow0,45\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}M_A=\dfrac{8,1}{0,3}=27\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\Rightarrow A:Al\\m_{HCl}=0,9.36,5=32,85\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 24.
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)
\(n_A=\dfrac{3,6}{M_A}\) mol
\(A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\)
0,15 0,15 ( mol )
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3,6}{M_A}=0,15mol\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M_A=24\) ( g/mol )
=> A là Magie ( Mg )
Bài 25.
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)
\(n_A=\dfrac{8,1}{M_A}\) mol
\(2A+6HCl\rightarrow2ACl_3+3H_2\)
0,3 0,45 ( mol )
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8,1}{M_A}=0,3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M_A=27\) g/mol
=> A là nhôm ( Al )
a, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu\left(LT\right)}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(LT\right)}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow H=\dfrac{11,25}{12,8}.100\%\approx87,89\%\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=200.1,2=240\left(g\right)\)
Fe2O3 + 3H2 \(\rightarrow\)2Fe + 3H2O (1)
Fe + 2HCl\(\rightarrow\)FeCl2 + H2 (2)
nFe2O3=\(\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
mHCl=\(600.\dfrac{3,65}{100}=21,9\left(g\right)\)
nHCl=\(\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH 1 ta có:
2nFe2O3=nFe=0,2(mol)
Vì 0,2.2<0,6 nên HCl dư 0,2mol,Fe hết
Theo PTHH 2 ta có:
nFe=nFeCl2=0,2(mol)
mFeCl2=127.0,2=25,4(g)
mHCl=36,5.0,2=7,3(g)
C% dd FeCl2=\(\dfrac{25,4}{11,2+600-0,2.2}.100\%=4,1\%\)
C% dd HCl=\(\dfrac{7,3}{11,2+600-0,2.2}.100\%=1,19\%\)