Cho a2+b2+c2+3= 2( a+b+c)
Chứg minh a=b=c=1
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Câu hỏi của Hattory Heiji - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath
a) Áp dụng Cauchy Schwars ta có:
\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
b) \(N=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b+1}+\frac{9}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=1
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+2b+c}\ge\dfrac{4}{\dfrac{a^2+1}{2}+b^2+1+\dfrac{c^2+1}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{b^2+7}\)
Tương tự
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{8}{a^2+7}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{8}{c^2+7}\)
Cộng vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{a^2+7}+\dfrac{8}{b^2+7}+\dfrac{8}{c^2+7}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+7}+\dfrac{4}{b^2+7}+\dfrac{4}{c^2+7}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
=>\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
=>\(2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\)
=>ab+bc+ac=0
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
=>\(\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ac\right)^3+\left(ab\right)^3}{\left(abc\right)^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
=>\(\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ac\right)^3+\left(ab\right)^3=3\left(abc\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc\right)^3-3\cdot ab\cdot bc\cdot\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(ac\right)^3=3\left(abc\right)^2\)
=>\(\left(-ac\right)^3-3\cdot ab\cdot bc\cdot\left(-ac\right)+\left(ac\right)^3-3\left(abc\right)^2=0\)
=>\(-a^3c^3+a^3c^3+3a^2b^2c^2-3a^2b^2c^2=0\)
=>0=0(đúng)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
nên a+b=-c
Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-c^2\)
\(=a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=a^2-\left[\left(b+c\right)^2-2bc\right]\)
\(=a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2+2bc\)
\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+2bc\)
\(=2bc\)
Ta có: \(b^2-c^2-a^2\)
\(=b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)\)
\(=b^2-\left[\left(c+a\right)^2-2ca\right]\)
\(=b^2-\left(c+a\right)^2+2ca\)
\(=\left(b-c-a\right)\left(b+c+a\right)+2ca\)
\(=2ac\)
Ta có: \(c^2-a^2-b^2\)
\(=c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(=c^2-\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right]\)
\(=c^2-\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab\)
\(=\left(c-a-b\right)\left(c+a+b\right)+2ab\)
\(=2ab\)
Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-cb+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
Thay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\) vào biểu thức \(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\), ta được:
\(M=\dfrac{-3ab\left(a+b\right)}{2abc}=\dfrac{-3\left(a+b\right)}{2c}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(-c\right)}{2c}=\dfrac{3c}{2c}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy: \(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Ta chứng minh BĐT sau:
\(\dfrac{1}{x^3+x+2}\ge\dfrac{-x^2+3}{8}\) với \(x>0\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương:
\(\left(x^2-3\right)\left(x^3+x+2\right)+8\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^3+2x^2+x+2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{-a^2+3}{8}+\dfrac{-b^2+3}{8}+\dfrac{-c^2+3}{8}=\dfrac{9-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{8}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
2:
a: =>a^2+2ab+b^2-2a^2-2b^2<=0
=>-(a^2-2ab+b^2)<=0
=>(a-b)^2>=0(luôn đúng)
b; =>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc-3a^2-3b^2-3c^2<=0
=>-(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc)<=0
=>(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(a-c)^2>=0(luôn đúng)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+3=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3-2\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2a+1+b^2-2b+1+c^2-2c+1=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a-1=0\\b-1=0\\c-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=1\\c=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a=b=c=1\left(đpcm\right)\)