Cho \(a^2+b^2+c^2=3\)
CMR :\(\dfrac{ac}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}>=3.\)
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a/ \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^4}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^3+b^2c+bc^2}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^3+ac^2+ca^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+b\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+c\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\)
b/ \(\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ac}+\dfrac{c^3}{ab}=\dfrac{a^4}{abc}+\dfrac{b^4}{abc}+\dfrac{c^4}{abc}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{a^2+bc}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+ac}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{a^3b^3c^3}}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{a^2+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{2}}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{2}}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}+\dfrac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{2c^2+a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}{2a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{2\left(a^2+c^2\right)}{2b^2+a^2+c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{2}+2\times\left[\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(b^2+a^2\right)}\right]\) (1)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=x\\b^2+c^2=y\\c^2+a^2=z\end{matrix}\right.\), ta có:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}+2\times\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+2\times\dfrac{3}{2}\) (Bất_đẳng_thức_Nesbitt)
\(=\dfrac{9}{2}\left(\text{đ}pcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c
3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
choa,b,c >0.CMR:\(\dfrac{11a^3-b^3}{4a^2+ab}+\dfrac{11b^3-c^3}{4b^2+bc}+\dfrac{11c^3-a^3}{4c^2+ac}\)
Đã thấy. Sửa đề: \(\sum\dfrac{11a^3-b^3}{4a^2+ab}\le2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\sum\dfrac{11a^3-b^3}{4a^2+ab}=\sum\dfrac{12a^3-\left(a^3+b^3\right)}{4a^2+ab}=\sum\dfrac{12a^3-\left(a+b\right)\left(\left(a-b\right)^2+ab\right)}{4a^2+ab}\)
\(\le\sum\dfrac{12a^3-ab\left(a+b\right)}{4a^2+ab}=\sum\dfrac{a\left(3a-b\right)\left(4a+b\right)}{a\left(4a+b\right)}\)
\(=\sum\left(3a-b\right)=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Đề bài: Cho \(a,b,c>0\). CMR \( \frac{11b^3-a^3}{ab+4b^2} + \frac{11c^3-b^3}{bc+4c^2} + \frac{11a^3-c^3}{ac+4a^2} \leq 2(a+b+c)\)
Bài giải
Ta chứng minh bổ đề \(\dfrac{11b^3-a^3}{4b^2+ab}\le3b-a\)
Thật vậy \(11b^3-a^3\le\left(ab+4b^2\right)\left(3b-a\right)\Leftrightarrow11b^3-a^3\le-a^2b-ab^2+12b^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-a^2b-ab^2+b^3\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\) (đúng)
Tương tự cho2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{11c^3-b^3}{4c^2+bc}\le3c-b;\dfrac{11a^3-c^3}{4a^2+ac}\le3a-c\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\le\left(3b-a\right)+\left(3c-b\right)+\left(3a-c\right)=2\left(a+b+c\right)=VP\)
Áp dụng bđt cosi schwart ta có:
`VT>=(a+b+c)^2/(a+b+c+sqrt{ab}+sqrt{bc}+sqrt{ca})`
Dễ thấy `sqrt{ab}+sqrt{bc}+sqrt{ca}<a+b+c`
`=>VT>=(a+b+c)^2/(2(a+b+c))=(a+b+c)/2=3`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=1.`
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho các số dương:
\(a^2+bc\geq 2\sqrt{a^2bc}; b^2+ac\geq 2\sqrt{b^2ac}; c^2+ab\geq 2\sqrt{c^2ab}\)
Do đó:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2ab}}\)
hay \(\text{VT}\leq \frac{\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}}{2abc}(*)\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \sqrt{bc}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}\\ \sqrt{ac}\leq \frac{a+c}{2}\\ \sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{a+b}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\leq a+b+c(**)\)
Từ \((*);(**)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)