Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của B=2x2+5y2 biết 4x-3y=7
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Bài 3:
a) Ta có: \(A=25x^2-20x+7\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^2-2\cdot5x\cdot2+4+3\)
\(=\left(5x-2\right)^2+3>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
d) Ta có: \(D=x^2-2x+2\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+1>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(a,f\left(x\right)⋮g\left(x\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-x^4+2x^2-3x+5}{x-1}\in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-x^4+x^3-x^3+x^2+x^2-x-2x+2+3}{x-1}\in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-x^3\left(x-1\right)-x^2\left(x-1\right)+x\left(x-1\right)-2\left(x-1\right)+3}{x-1}\in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow-x^3-x^2+x-2+\dfrac{3}{x-1}\in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow3⋮x-1\\ \Leftrightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-3;-1;1;3\right\}\\ \Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-2;0;2;4\right\}\\ Mà.x< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-2\\ b,B=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+4\left(x-y\right)+4+4y^2-2024\\ B=\left(x-y\right)^2+4\left(x-y\right)+4+4y^2-2024\\ B=\left(x-y-2\right)^2+4y^2-2024\ge-2024\\ B_{min}=-2024\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+2\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+2=\left(x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\\ A_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow x=3\\ B=2\left(x^2-10x+25\right)+51=2\left(x-5\right)^2+51\ge51\\ B_{min}=51\Leftrightarrow x=5\\ C=\left[\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+10\left(x-2y\right)+25\right]+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2\\ C=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\\ C_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2y+5=0\\y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2y-5=2-5=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(A=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+2=\left(x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(minA=2\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
b) \(B=2\left(x^2-10x+25\right)+51=2\left(x-5\right)^2+51\ge51\)
\(minB=51\Leftrightarrow x=5\)
c) \(C=\left[x^2-2x\left(2y-5\right)+\left(2y-5\right)^2\right]+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(minC=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(M=x^2-3x+10\)
\(M=x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{31}{4}\)
\(M=\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)+\dfrac{31}{4}\)
\(M=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}\)
Mà: \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) nên: \(M=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}\ge\dfrac{31}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra
\(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}=\dfrac{31}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy: \(M_{min}=\dfrac{31}{4}\) với \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b) \(N=2x^2+5y^2+4xy+8x-4y-100\)
\(N=x^2+x^2+4y^2+y^2+4xy+8x-4y-120+16+4\)
\(N=\left(x^2+4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-120\)
\(N=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-120\)
Mà:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(x+4\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) nên \(N=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-120\ge120\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2y\right)^2=0\\\left(x+4\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-4+2y=0\\x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(N_{min}=120\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(D=x^2-2xy+y^2+x^2+4y^2+5=\left(x-y\right)^2+x^2+4y^2+5\ge5\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=y=0
Câu 1:
$y=-2x^2+4x+3=5-2(x^2-2x+1)=5-2(x-1)^2$
Vì $(x-1)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x\in\mathbb{R}$ nên $y=5-2(x-1)^2\leq 5$
Vậy $y_{\max}=5$ khi $x=1$
Hàm số không có min.
Câu 2:
Hàm số $y$ có $a=-3<0; b=2, c=1$ nên đths có trục đối xứng $x=\frac{-b}{2a}=\frac{1}{3}$
Lập BTT ta thấy hàm số đồng biến trên $(-\infty; \frac{1}{3})$ và nghịch biến trên $(\frac{1}{3}; +\infty)$
Với $x\in (1;3)$ thì hàm luôn nghịch biến
$\Rightarrow f(3)< y< f(1)$ với mọi $x\in (1;3)$
$\Rightarrow$ hàm không có min, max.
`M = 2x^2 + 4x + 5`
`M = 2 ( x^2 + 2x + 5 /2 )`
`M = 2 ( x^2 + 2x + 1 + 3 / 2 )`
`M = 2 [ ( x + 1)^2 + 3 / 2 ]`
`M = 2 ( x + 1)^2 + 3`
Vì `2( x+ 1)^2 >= 0`
`=> 2 ( x + 1)^2 + 3 >= 3`
Hay `M >= 3`
Dấu "`=`" xảy ra khi `( x + 1)^2 = 0`
`=> x + 1 = 0`
`=> x = -1`
Vậy GTNN của `M` là `3` khi `x = -1`
\(M=2x^2+4x+5=2x^2+4x+2+3=2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+3=2\left(x+1\right)^2+3\ge3\)\(M_{min}=3\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
Ta có: \(4x-3y=7\) => \(4x=3y+7\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{3y+7}{4}\)
=> \(x^2=\left(\dfrac{3y+7}{4}\right)^2\)
=> \(2x^2=\dfrac{\left(3y+7\right)^2}{8}\) (1)
Thay (1) vào B ta có:
B = \(\dfrac{\left(3y+7\right)^2}{8}+5y^2\) = \(\dfrac{9y^2+42y+49+40y^2}{8}\)
= \(\dfrac{49y^2+42y+9+40}{8}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(7y+3\right)^2}{8}+5\)
Vì \(\dfrac{\left(7y+3\right)^2}{8}\) \(\ge\) 0 => \(\dfrac{\left(7y+3\right)^2}{8}+5\) \(\ge\) 5
=> Dấu bằng xảy ra <=> \(\dfrac{\left(7y+3\right)^2}{8}\) = 0
<=> \(7y+3=0\) <=> \(y=\dfrac{-3}{7}\) => \(x=\dfrac{10}{7}\)
=> GTNN của B = 5 khi \(x=\dfrac{10}{7};y=\dfrac{-3}{7}\)