cho a,b,c >0 thỏa a+b+c=6 cm:
\(\dfrac{ab}{6+a-c}\)+\(\dfrac{bc}{6+b-a}\)+\(\dfrac{ca}{6+c-b}\)<=2
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Nghe mấy tiền bối đồn là đề này nằm trong đề đại học năm nào đó. Tự tìm nhá
\(P=\dfrac{ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{ab}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)+\dfrac{bc}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+\dfrac{ca}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=3\)
\(P_{max}=3\) khi \(a=b=c\)
\(a^5+b^2+ab+6\ge3a^2b+6\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2b+2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^2c+2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^2a+2}}\right)\le\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2b+2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2c+2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2a+2}}=\sqrt{Q}\)
\(Q=\dfrac{c}{a+2c}+\dfrac{a}{b+2a}+\dfrac{b}{c+2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{a}{a+2c}+1-\dfrac{b}{b+2a}+1-\dfrac{c}{c+2b}\right)\)
\(Q=\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2bc}\right)\)
\(Q\le\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\sqrt{1}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải:
Vì \(a+b+c=6\) nên BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(\frac{ab}{2b+c+a+b+c}+\frac{bc}{2c+a+a+b+c}+\frac{ca}{2a+b+a+b+c}\leq 1(*)\)
Thật vậy, áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{2b+c+a+b+c}=\frac{ab}{(b+c)+(c+a)+2b}\leq \frac{ab}{9}\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{bc}{2c+a+a+b+c}\leq \frac{bc}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{2c}\right)\)
\(\frac{ca}{2a+b+a+b+c}\leq \frac{ca}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2a}\right)\)
Cộng các BĐT vừa thu được lại ta có:
\(\text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ab+ac}{b+c}+\frac{ab+bc}{a+c}+\frac{bc+ca}{a+b}+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\frac{1}{9}\left(6+\frac{6}{2}\right)=1\)
BĐT \((*)\) hoàn tất, ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{ab}{6+2b+c}+\frac{bc}{6+2c+a}+\frac{ca}{6+2a+b}=\frac{ab}{a+b+c+2b+c}+\frac{bc}{a+b+c+2c+a}+\frac{ca}{a+b+c+2a+b}\)
\(=\frac{ab}{2b+(a+c)+(b+c)}+\frac{bc}{2c+(a+b)+(a+c)}+\frac{ca}{2a+(b+a)+(b+c)}\)
\(\leq \frac{ab}{9}\left(\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)+\frac{bc}{9}\left(\frac{1}{2c}+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\frac{ca}{9}\left(\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{b+a}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\text{VT}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{18}+\frac{ab+bc}{9(a+c)}+\frac{ab+ac}{9(b+c)}+\frac{bc+ac}{9(a+b)}\)
\(\text{VT}\leq \frac{(a+b+c)}{6}=\frac{6}{6}=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=2$
C/m BĐT : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Sơ-vác-sơ:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Ta có: \(9\dfrac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{9ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{2}\left(1\right)\)
CM tương tự
\(\dfrac{9bc}{b+3c+2a}\le\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{2}\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{9ca}{c+3a+2b}\le\dfrac{ca}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{2}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng vế (1), (2), (3) => đpcm
Theo Cô-si: \(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^4b}{b}}=2a^2\)
Tương tự có: \(\dfrac{b^3}{c}+bc\ge2b^2\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ac\ge2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) P + ab+bc+ca \(\ge\) 2 (a2+b2+c2)
Mà a2+b2+c2 \(\ge\) ab+bc+ca
\(\Rightarrow\) P+ ab+bc+ca \(\ge\) a2+b2+c2 +ab+bc+ca
\(\Leftrightarrow\) P \(\ge\) a2+b2+c2
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 3P \(\ge\) 2( a2+b2+c2)+( a2+b2+c2)
Có: a2+b2+c2 \(\ge\)ab+bc+ca
\(\Rightarrow\)3P\(\ge\) 2(ab+bc+ca) + a2+ 1 +b2 +1+ c2 +1 -3
Lại có: a2+1\(\ge\) 2a ; b2+1\(\ge\) 2b ; c2+a\(\ge\) 2c
\(\Rightarrow\) 3P \(\ge\) 2(ab+bc+ca) +2a+2b+2c - 3
\(\Leftrightarrow\)3P\(\ge\) 2(ab+bc+ca +a+b+c) -3 = 2.6-3=9
\(\Leftrightarrow\)P\(\ge\)3
Vậy Pmin = 3
Dấu "=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\) a=b=c=1
Áp dụng Cauchy-Schwarz, ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{7}{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}=\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{7}{\dfrac{1}{3}}=9+21=30\)
\(\dfrac{ab}{6+a-c}+\dfrac{bc}{6+b-a}+\dfrac{ca}{6+c-b}=\dfrac{ab}{2a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{2b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{2c+a}\)
Mà ta có:
\(\dfrac{2a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{9}{2b+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab}{2a+b}\le\dfrac{2b+a}{9}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{bc}{2b+c}\le\dfrac{2c+b}{9}\\\dfrac{ca}{2c+a}\le\dfrac{2a+c}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng 3 cái trên vế theo vế ta được
\(\dfrac{ab}{2a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{2b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{2c+a}\le\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}=\dfrac{3.6}{9}=2\)
bạn cho mik hỏi là tại sao bạn có thể nghĩ ra như vậy k