CMR: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\) (với a,b,c > 0)
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\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+3\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số không âm:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}=2\)
\(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}.\dfrac{c}{a}}=2\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{b}}=2\)
Suy ra:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}+3\ge2+2+2+3=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy dạng Engel , ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\)
⇔ \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\text{≥}\left(a+b+c\right).\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\)
⇔ \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\text{≥}9\)
\("="\text{⇔}a=b=c\)
do \(a,b,c\ge1\)\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+c\ge2\\c+a\ge2\\a+b\ge2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\left(b+c\right)\ge2a\\b\left(c+a\right)\ge2b\\c\left(a+b\right)\ge2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(=>\) biểu thức đề bài cho\(\ge2\left(a+b+c+\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}\right)\)
\(2\left(1+1+1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=9\)
dấu= xảy ra<=>a=b=c=1
Có \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+1\)
\(=3+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{b}{a}}\ge2\)
C/m tương tự, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow3+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\ge2+2+2+3\)
\(\Rightarrow3+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\left(đpcm\right)\)
Cách 2:
Ta có:
\(A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=a\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+b\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+c\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+1\)
\(=3+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM, ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\\\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\ge2\\\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\ge2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(A\ge9\)
P/s: Nhìn hơi dài nhưng trình bày ra thì không quá dài đâu! Ở đây mình làm hơi cẩn thận ::)))
Áp dụng Bất đẳng thức Côsi:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{b}.\dfrac{1}{c}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}.3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{b}.\dfrac{1}{c}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
Vậy \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\left(đpcm\right)\)
P/s: Ủa, đề này lớp 8 à? Sao cô mình lại cho bọn mình làm cái này nhỉ? WTF?????
a)Theo bất đẳng thức cauchy:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}.\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b\)
Ta có điều phải chứng minh
b)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}.\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(a=b=c\)
Ta có điều phải chứng minh
1.
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\left(ab-1\right)\left(bc-1\right)\left(ca-1\right)\ge\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\left(ab-1\right)^2=a^2b^2-2ab+1=a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1+a^2+b^2-2ab\)
\(=\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)+\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\left(bc-1\right)^2\ge\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\)
\(\left(ca-1\right)^2\ge\left(c^2-1\right)\left(a^2-1\right)\)
Do \(a;b;c\ge1\) nên 2 vế của các BĐT trên đều không âm, nhân vế với vế:
\(\left[\left(ab-1\right)\left(bc-1\right)\left(ca-1\right)\right]^2\ge\left[\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\right]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ab-1\right)\left(bc-1\right)\left(ca-1\right)\ge\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Câu 2 em kiểm tra lại đề có chính xác chưa
2.
Câu 2 đề thế này cũng làm được nhưng khá xấu, mình nghĩ là không thể chứng minh bằng Cauchy-Schwaz được, phải chứng minh bằng SOS
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(c=max\left\{a;b;c\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\ge0\) (1)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{a+b}{bc+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{b+c}{ac+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{c+a}{ab+c^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b\left(c-a\right)}{a^3+abc}+\dfrac{c\left(a-b\right)}{b^3+abc}+\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{c^3+abc}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)+a\left(c-b\right)}{a^3+abc}+\dfrac{c\left(a-b\right)}{b^3+abc}+\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{c^3+abc}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c\left(b-a\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3+abc}-\dfrac{1}{b^3+abc}\right)+a\left(c-b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3+abc}-\dfrac{1}{c^3+abc}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)\left(b^3-a^3\right)}{\left(a^3+abc\right)\left(b^3+abc\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)\left(c^3-a^3\right)}{\left(a^3+abc\right)\left(c^3+abc\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{\left(a^3+abc\right)\left(b^3+abc\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a^2+ac+c^2\right)}{\left(a^3+abc\right)\left(c^3+abc\right)}\ge0\)
Đúng theo (1)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}=9\sqrt[3]{abc\cdot\dfrac{1}{abc}}=9\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Bài 1a):
Ta có:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=\left(a+b\right).\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{ab}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+2\)
Lại có: (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2 \(\ge\) 0
\(\Rightarrow\) a2 + b2 \(\ge\) 2ab
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+2\ge4\)
Vậy \(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge4\)
Bài 2a):
Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2=a-2\sqrt{ab}+b\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
Vậy ta có đpcm
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
=\(1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+1\)
= \(3+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\ge3+2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}.\dfrac{c}{a}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{b}}\)
\(\ge3+2+2+2=9\left(đpcm\right)\)
vì a,b,c là các số dương nên ta có:
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}\)
nhân hai vế vs nhau, ta có
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)